SWFS 5004 Social Inclusion (Part 2) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

SWFS 5004 Social Inclusion (Part 2) - Essay Example In simple terms therefore, social exclusion may refer to the extent to which individuals are unable to participate in key areas of economic, social and cultural life (Levitas, 1998). While clarifying this definition, Hilary (2007) explains that an individual can become socially excluded if he or she fails to participate fully in key activities carried out in his or her society. In view of the foregoing definition, it can clearly be upheld that social exclusion involves an individual’s lack of participation in society and emphasizes the multi-dimensional, multi-layered and dynamic nature of the problem (Frazer & Marlier, 2007). The concept of social exclusion can thus be found to possess four salient features namely: lack of participation, multi-dimensional, dynamism and multi-layered. Silver (1994) observes that the causes of social exclusion operate at many levels including individual, household, community and institutional. Hilary (2007) sums up the concept of social exclusi on as the inter-connectivity between â€Å"a person’s social class, educational status, relationships in childhood and living standards as well as how these might affect access to various opportunities†. ... It similarly presents a PowerPoint presentation of my personal reflections on my own values of respect, caring and person centered. Aspects of social inclusion and social exclusion As earlier explained in the foregoing introductory part of this essay, social exclusion has been demonstrated to be multidimensional going beyond the issue of material poverty. According to Will (2007), social exclusion also encompasses other forms of social disadvantages such as lack of regular and equal access to education, health care, social care as well as proper housing. Additionally, the same causes go beyond material poverty and further encompass a wide range of reasons including discrimination against immigrants, ethnic minorities, the disabled, the elderly or ex-offenders (Will, 2007). Secondly, social exclusion is also considered to be a process in itself rather than a mere outcome of a process as espoused by Paris (2004). Research indicates that the accumulation of a number of disadvantages ass ociated with social exclusion may result in a self-reinforcing cycle that makes it difficult to attribute causality to one specific factor or another (Frazer & Marlier, 2007). This fact has led a multiplicity of social scientists to delve into the genesis of social exclusion, making the concept quite dynamic, where different individuals or groups of individuals find themselves in different stages of the exclusion process, whether temporarily, recurringly or continuously (Levitas, 1998). Apart from the preceding argument, the concept of social exclusion is said to be context-specific where best inclusion endeavors are in ways that are specific to particular localities. This in essence implies that countries and governments need to develop

Retail Strategic Planning Essay Example for Free

Retail Strategic Planning Essay Organized retailing in home and building sector was expected to face stiff challenge from the existing small, independent, and powerful local retailers. Many international retailers like Home Depot, IKEA and Lowe were also eyeing the Indian market which was untapped by organized retailers. They provided all the product categories and services that were required to build a new home or for home improvement or renovation under one roof. Muebles belonging to Casa Moblaje group was a pioneer in this segment. Homepro was the first building mall, which offered a wide range of building materials, home improvements products, and furnishings. They provided information about land availability and selection, and housed offices of architects, designers and financiers. The Home Store and Zeba were in home furnishing segment; Gautier dealt in furniture; and Johnson Tiles was in the sanitary ware sector. Identify Strategic Alternatives Ansoff’s Matrix Muebles had captured a large market of the home building and construction business in Ahmedabad as well as the home improvement business of the surrounding cities and towns. The ideal strategy for Muebles would be to develop the market. The areas surrounding Ahmedabad like Baroda, Surat etc is highly industrialized and lot of construction takes place in these areas. Muebles can target these cities and can increase the size of the market to get larger sales. Retail Mix Variables Product The store stocked products under five major categories Kitchen accessories: Appliances, Crockery, Glassware, Ovens etc Furniture and furnishing: Sofa set, bed, linen etc Bathroom: Tiles, Sanitary ware, Fittings, Taps, and accessories Hardware visible: Door, Window, Safety equipment, Gardening Tools, Washing Machines Electrical equipments: Lights, Luminaries, Chandeliers, Switches, Fans, Generators etc They mainly stored branded products. The store policy was to use the number one brand or the aggressive second. If this was not possible the company entered in to contracts to with smaller players who provided with in store brands. The store stocked approximately 12000 SKUs and had 120 suppliers. As the store move upward in the retail wheel, it took the invisible and les involved products out of the shelf. The visible and high involvement products replaced the invisible. They also increased the share of storing impulse goods in the relevant home decoration and furnishing category. Price The pricing policy of the store varied across the product categories. Pricing was competitive and benchmarked against the traditional hardware and home building material stores in product categories which were usually available in traditional hardware stores . In the destination product categories, the store charged premium price. Store Layout The store was laid out in a grid format. It was functional in nature and was based on a do-it-yourself model. Thirty percent of the shop space was given to 12 partners (vendors) who complete freedom of operation. The store atmosphere was attractive. The format of the store aided the customer to find the right the product. Some products like kitchen fittings were merchandised in simulated conditions to give the customer a feel of the complete range of the store’s offering. Promotion In order to increase the levels of awareness, they were communicating by using a mix of me. dia for brand and tactical advertising. They used the Gujarati and English media to reach out to their target segments. They developed two communication packages, one for the lay consumers with low comprehension of Muebles’s value proposition, and another for the professionals (home builders) who had a relatively higher awareness of the concept. In order to increase the sales of the invisible products, Muebles decided to educate the home builder. The home builder package consisted of developing a critical mass of professionals by rewarding their purchase and then working towards giving them accreditation through a professional course so that they would buy all the materials from Muebles. The apartment package consisted of using direct mails and tie-ups with companies like Electrolux, Pergo, and ICI to give special deals to five different apartment owners. Muebles targeted the HR departments in various companies and offered special deals. The problem in this deal was the acquisition of database of apartment owners. Customer Service Muebles policy was to satisfy the customer. Managers were supposed to visit the shop floor 3 hours a day to understand shopper’s behavior and needs better. Each category had 4 personnel. The total floor level employees were around 20. The floor employees tracked the customer right from the entry to the store and observed them carefully from a distance. The motive was to help the customer in the selection without interfering. The staff was instructed to respect the privacy of the customers. Muebles provided a unique shopping experience to the customer. Consumers were provided a wide range and assured quality, competitive prices, and world class service. They provided value added services to the consumers like * Comprehensive design assistance by a panel of professionals and design consultants * Apartment Packages * Installation service and support * Info mediation through website * Home loan consultancy and loans * Certification programmes for electricians, masons, plumbers and carpenters * Educational programme on do-it-yourself techniques and procedures * Customer loyalty programmes

Cold War and Its Effects Essay -- World History

The end of the cold war signified a new era of history that has changed the entire world. The face of Europe and Asia has changed dramatically. Vast changes have been felt socially, politically, and especially economically. Also the effect the cold war had on foreign policy was paramount. The effect of these changes is not only felt across the ocean but can be felt here in America. The goal of this paper is to define what the cold war specifically was, and reflect upon the various choices throughout the world as a result of the end of the cold war. The cold war was a period of time in which the United States was the world power in the western world. The Soviet Union (now Russia) was the leading power in the eastern world. While this would seem typical in any planet to have two world powers this case is extremely interesting because they had different governmental structures that were completely the opposite. On one hand there was America. We are a free market economy that is defined as being capitalist. Capitalism is a social and political system that means every person must fend for themselves. This is true economically and politically. Each individual has the ability to do whatever they choose with their life. They can make their own choices, and move wherever they want. While there are laws, the government has no say so over things that we take for granted everyday such as freedom of expression, religion, the right to bear arms, and even march down the street in support of the Ku Klux Klan if you so choose! The Soviet Union at that time was represented by a form of governmental control called communism. Communism was formed by a man named Karl Marx. The belief is that the government should control ev... ... It all comes down to choice. After the Cuban missile crisis ended both superpowers realized the severe consequences of nuclear war. They knew the implications involved, and religion was not the issue. The Russian government suppressed it to an extent. It was humanity. What good would it do to blow up the earth? What good did it do to drop atomic bombs on Japan? Imagine what Bush felt on Sept. 11 and the choices he made to vow that this would not happen again. These are all choices that countries think about everyday, and the cold war is the latest and most powerful example of something that almost ended the world. References: http://www.aaup.org/publications/Academe/03so/03sowall.htm, "After the Cold War", by Mitchell B. Wallerstein, 11 pages. Twentieth Century World History, by William J. Duikker, 1999, Wadsworth Publishing, page 337 and page 166.

ESL Education Essay

Facilitating education and learning of English language in developing countries has been a challenge for ESL teachers through the years. The capability of these countries to continually adapt to the globalizing economy has been gradually increasing and this also applies in learning the English language. Thus, the challenge for ESL instructors is to create and improve on mechanisms that will enhance a better facilitation of English language education among students in the developing countries. Continuous development of ESL programs has been prevalent in the recent years. Also, there is an increased diversity of participants who seek to learn English. Instructors of the language on the other hand have been welcoming these changes. â€Å"English language arts teachers are especially open to embracing the richness this diversity brings to their classrooms, yet many feel ill-prepared to teach students for whom English is a second, third or possibly fourth language. † (Young, 1996, p. 17) However, the proliferation of students who are studying ESL does not evenly match instructors who facilitate their education. This situation paves the way for ESL students taking part in an English classroom that is handled by non-trained ESL instructors which greatly affects and undermines the development and learning process of students. â€Å"Despite the increase in the number of trained ESL specialists over the past 10 years or so, it is no secret that vast numbers of limited English proficient (LEP) students still spend either all or large portions of their academic life with regular or content classroom teachers. (Penfield, 1987, p. 21) Another important issue in ESL education is the facilitation and processes involved in teaching. â€Å"Issues surrounding ESL education focus on determining the ‘best’ approach to help non-native speakers of English gain appropriate academic skills. † (Young, 1996, p. 17) In addition, there have been increased outputs of literature pertaining to enhancing ESL education in schools. One issue that is addressed in studies are listening and speaking ca pabilities of ESL students. However there had been discrepancies with application of these methods on the other hand for ESL instructors. â€Å"Though these studies have been helpful to EAP teachers, few have looked beyond reading and writing skills to what college/university professors actually require with regards to academic listening and speaking skills and which of these tasks are most problematic for ESL students in a tertiary institution. (Ferris & Tag, 1996, p. 298) Thus, efficient communication, enforcement of strategies, and stabilizing the curriculum are the possible options that institutions can make in addressing these needs. The next section looks into possible strategies that can be implemented to facilitate the challenges ESL teachers face in teaching English among non-native speakers. One possible solution is creating a monitoring criterion for ESL students. This would entail ESL educators of continuously creating necessary measures and dynamics to enhance learning for their students. â€Å"During formal and informal meetings these teachers continually discuss inherent shortcomings of the procedures used in assessing their students, share their shortcomings of the procedures used in assessing their students. † (Ernst, 1994, p. 323) With this, ESL students are assured that their individual performance are assessed and evaluated to further help them in acquiring and learning the language. Also, ESL teachers must develop both listening and communication strategies with students to facilitate the learning process and develop efficient mechanisms of education. â€Å"Somehow we need to help them bridge the gap between the safe interactions they experience in ESL classes and the activities they find more challenging and threatening in content classes. † (Ferris & Tag, 1996, p. 312) Creating listening strategies can also make ESL students feel comfortable and secure that their interests are seen and provides them the avenue to express what they really want. ESL teachers should simulate free-form classroom lecture discussions for their students and analyze videotaped classroom interactions with their students so that ESL students can be better prepared for the realities. † (Ferris & Tag, 1996, p. 312) Another possible alternative is the creation of â€Å"ESL Task Group†. â€Å"This group should consist of representatives of the total school community, be small enough for efficient operation, and be chaired by most competent person available. † (Levenson, 1969, p. 1) With the creation of this, the group must follow the necessary phases that includes (1) gathering information, (2) observation and evaluation, (3) surveying and (4) constant communication with important groups and organizations. Another issue that can be addressed is the issue of writing among ESL students. ESL teachers must be keen to adapt and understand the dilemma these students have in the correct and proper way of writing. â€Å"ESL writers should neither be treated as completely different from native speakers nor as completely the same, that a middle ground is desirable. (Chan, 1988, pp. 84-85) In addition, ESL writers must not be discriminated of expressing their intentions and ideas in class. â€Å"Like native speakers of English, ESL writers can and should be encouraged to write as a means of discovering what they think and know and as a means of commu nicating their sides. † (Chan, 1988, p. 85) Lastly, adequate and continuous training must be given to future and current ESL instructors. Recognizing that each one is vital for the success of the program, constant awareness must be made regarding this issue. The most obvious pedagogical solution to students’ dilemma is to train professors to respond clearly and effectively to students’ informal questions and comments. † (Ferris & Tragg, 1996, p. 312) In addition, there needs to be a collaborative effort between non-ESL teachers and ESL instructors since they both have the same objective – educate. â€Å"Collaboration with other teachers who are ‘becoming’ mainstreamed ESL teachers serves as another important avenue for support. â€Å"(Young, 1996, p. 19) By being dynamic, issues regarding ESL facilitation can be eased and create learning.

Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar Essay

Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar – the blessed month of fasting. It is the month that Allah (swt) (God) revealed the Qur’an to Prophet Muhammad (saw). It is also one of the five sacred pillars of Islam which help Muslims lead a religious life. The five pillars, including Ramadan are compulsory. The Arabic term for fasting is Sawm. It is a very special time for Muslims and its completion is celebrated by the wonderful day of Eid al-Fitr where gifts are exchanged between friends, relatives, families and neighbours. The basic aim of Ramadan is for Muslims to establish control during the month and be better Muslims, also, to remind Muslims of the less fortunate among us. The nights leading up to Ramadan are very exciting for everyone. This is when Muslims anxiously await the news if the new moon has been sighted by any Muslim in the world which signifies the beginning of the Ramadan. Upon hearing the news the Muslims will immediately email, phone and text message this good news to people they know. In the Islamic world this is announced on the radio or television, or the local town crier (muezzin) will inform everyone from the loudspeakers of the mosque. It is common to find people will gather at each others houses and the mosques will be full as the news breaks, congratulating each other that Allah (swt) has allowed them to witness another Ramadan and to gain its reward. Fasting is compulsory once a child reaches puberty. Those who are ill or on a journey are excused, as are women during their monthly period or if they are pregnant or nursing because they are very weak and need the food and energy more than most; missed days are made up for later in the year when one is more able. Muslims fast from daybreak to sunset. For example in Luton in late October this will be from 6.00am to around 5:45pm. That’s nearly 12 hours. This means no eating or drinking during these hours. Although each nation will have its own way of going about fasting during Ramadan, it is common that a light meal is eaten at dusk to break the fast (Iftar), followed by a slightly heavier meal, and finally a light breakfast just before dawn (Suhur). At Suhur, I will have a large bowl of breakfast cereal, a glass of orange juice or water (as one can get very thirsty during the day) and perhaps a few slices of toast in order to prepare myself for the long day ahead. When Iftar arrives I would start with a supplication to Allah (swt) (Dua) then eat a date and drink some milk or water. I would then perform my evening prayers before sitting with my family and have my dinner after which I will attend the local mosque for some evening prayers. Every night in Ramadan there are special, extra prayers called Salatul Taraweeh. These are performed in congregation at the mosque or at home. This schedule is taken from the example of our Prophet, Muhammad (saw). A typical day of fasting during Ramadan at about Christmas time in the UK is summarised below: 05:30am Suhur (light breakfast) 06:00am Fajr Salah (morning prayer) Qur’an recitation 01:30pm Dhuhr Salah (midday prayer) 02:45pm ‘Asr Salah (afternoon prayer) 05:50pm Iftar (break of fast) and Maghrib Salah (evening prayer) Dinner 08:00pm ‘Isha Salah (night prayer) and Taraweeh (extra prayers) Supper and an early night PART TWO (500 words) Fasting in Ramadan is the fourth ‘pillar’ of Islam, an act of worship of great importance. During this month Muslims should be more spiritual, more caring and considerate; they should control their temper and refrain from using bad language. This is to help them become a better Muslim. One can find that during this month people become more patient, polite to others as well as extremely generous with the wealth that they possess. A poor Muslim who donates his last penny will get as much reward as the wealthy businessman who donates thousands. This is called Zakat where 2.5% of the annual family income is donated to the poor. This is compulsory because the money that we have today is not actually ours it is a loan from Allah and a blessing, which we should repay to him through the poor. Ramadan is a sacred month wherein Allah (swt) is constantly testing people and giving people the opportunity to achieve huge rewards for the hereafter. It is a time of purification, reflection, enjoining what is right, forbidding what is wrong, and striving hard with one’s life and wealth. It is a time for charity, to give to those less fortunate then yourselves and it’s a time when most people pay their annual alms to the poor (above). It was in the month of Ramadan that many of the battles took place such as the famous Islamic battles took place such as the Battle of Badr. Amongst what Muslims should abstain from are smoking, and sexual intercourse. People should focus on Allah and religion as opposed to other things. What the prayers seek to serve five times a day, fasting in the month of Ramadan does once a year. During this period from dawn to dusk we eat not a grain of food nor drink a drop of water, no matter how delicious the dish or how thirsty we feel. This month helps us strengthen our faith. Discipline during this month bring us face to face with the realities of life and help us make our life, during the rest of the year, a life of true subservience to Allah (swt). From another point of view fasting has an immense impact on our communities, for all the Muslims irrespective of their status must observe fast during the same month. This brings to prominence the essential equality of people and thus goes a long way towards creating in them sentiments of love and brotherhood. The unity that is created covers the whole planet where Muslims reside whether in Indonesia or Denmark. Each Muslim connects with his brother. This is called the Ummah (community) During Ramadan goodness comes to the forefront and the whole atmosphere is filled with piety and purity. It is narrated that Prophet Muhammad (saw) said, â€Å"When the month of Ramadan begins, the gates of Paradise are opened and the gates of Hell are closed and the devils are chained.† Thus, the month of Ramadan is a special month unlike others. As an act of mercy by Allah (swt), the blessings that one can attain during this Holy Month have been increased many fold. Another point of significance is that the Qur’an was revealed during one of the last ten odd numbered nights of this blessed month. That night is known as Lailatul Qadr or the Night of Power. It is during this night that Allah (swt) has promised us great reward for our time spent in prayer and worship. Clearly there is a lesson in this for people. Ramadan indeed is a great incentive for all Muslims to increase their god consciousness (Taqwa) and to strengthen their faith. However, this effort should not be limited to the month of Ramadan but should extend for the rest of our lives. PART THREE (500 words) First and foremost fasting is an act of worship and Allah (swt) does not give a reason as why we fast in the Qur’an. However, we can observe the reality of fasting during the month of Ramadan and can conclude that many benefits are created for the one who fasts. I agree with part of the statement that fasting indeed has many advantages. As for these benefits, when one is in the state of fasting during the month of Ramadan he is constantly thinking of those things which please his creator, Allah (swt). That is to say he is in a constant state of god consciousness or what is referred to in the Arabic language as Taqwa. During this time he becomes a better person, he does not lie or cheat, he does not involve himself in arguments or name calling as one would find in the school playground. He is continuously contemplating and reflecting on the words of Allah (swt) which he would read in the Qur’an or he would hear at the local mosque. As a result one becomes a lot more patient, extremely disciplined and a lot more productive to himself and his environment. During this month the community spirit is ignited and the mosques are full. The economy is boosted as it is recommended to spend the wealth Allah (swt) has provided you within this month as much as possible to gain the rewards for the hereafter. Community Iftar’s are hosted in community centres within the local community creating an atmosphere of brotherhood and closeness as well as money sent off to the poor and destitute so they may also enjoy the blessings of this month. As for the disadvantages, I believe the benefits far outweigh the harms of fasting. A few points to I would like to mention however are is that when early on during the month when one is fasting during a long day, one tends to become very tired towards the end of the day due to the fact that normal regular meals have been missed, however as the month progresses the body adapts very quickly to this new regime softening these hardships. In addition, during the day, especially during the summer when the days are long and the heat is intense the lack of water consumption can make one extremely thirsty and somewhat dehydrated which can lead to a stale breath. However, the remedy to this is the saying of the Prophet who said â€Å"The smell of the mouth of a fasting person is to sweeter to Allah (swt) than the smell of musk†. Another potential problem is tendency to eat too much in the evenings and at the end of the month to pile on a few unwanted pounds. This is easily resolved by making sure you eat moderately and exercise to burn off excess calories. Also, there is the ounce of temptation present brough to us by Shaytan (Devil) and this makes it hard for us. Finally, one sad thing about Ramadan is that it only comes round once a year and lasts for around thirty days. If only we could have longer as there are not enough hours in the day. NOTE: (saw) – peace be upon him (swt) – praise be to Him, The Almighty Bibliography I obtained all the information for this essay from my own knowledge

the mongolian empire essays

the mongolian empire essays The most savage conquerors of history were the Mongols. The Mongolian empire was the largest land empire of its era and occupied land from the yellow sea in Eastern Asia to the border of Eastern Europe. The empire included land in China, Korea, Mongolia, Persia as well as parts of Thailand and Russia. The Mongols derived from loosely organized nomadic tribes around Mongolia, Siberia and Manchuria. They lived off their land and the resources provided, and became great warriors. It is believed that the Mongols helped the spread of racial tolerance, religion and trade promotion. The Mongols have also been credited with useful inventions such as paper and gunpowder. The early Empire, which thrived through the later part of the 11th century and into the mid 12th, held within it the great conquests of surrounding lands and the creation of strong leadership. The Later Empire was a period of tolerance for the Mongolian Empire through the late 12th century. Chieftains much like the Hunnish tribes ruled Mongolian tribes until one great man named Temujin, or Genghis Khan rose to power as head chieftain. Genghis Khan unified the scattered Mongolian tribes into a great fighting force and a rising empire. He became the undisputed leader and was known as the Lord of all the peoples dwelling in felt tents. Genghis aimed to train an efficient and disciplined army as well as to conquer lands for his growing empire. Genghis Khan was shrewd and ruthless with great ambition and power. He formed a crew of highly trained officers to travel through the tribes and train people for war. The Mongols specialized in sieging other empires and used specialized tactics such as filling the moats with sandbags for easier attacks. In the Early Empire Genghis Kan hoped to conquer China to expand the Mongolian Empire. His tribes first attacked Xi Xia along the North West Chinese border. He conquered Xi Xia by judging the Chinese Armies an...

Black September and the 1972 Olympics essays

Black September and the 1972 Olympics essays Twelve months in a year. October and November are filled with cold winds and cloud cover as the winter draws near. December, January, and February, are times for enjoying family and friends in the comfort of your home while in front of a roaring fire. March, April, and May bring hope of the summer, while June, July and August are times for relaxation, barbeques, and fun. So what is it about September? Sometimes, it seems like that is the perfect month for destruction, devastation, and often terror. Chances are if you ever get caught in the middle of a terrorist situation, you wont live to see October. Especially if you are in the middle of a terrorist situation with a group known as Black September. Black September was a Palastinian organization that was founded in 1970. It had links to various groups within the Palastine Liberation Organization (PLO), most notably Fatah and the PFLP. Sources claim that the organization was controlled by Yasser Arafat, the leader of PLO, but this has never been proven (cedarland, 1). In fact, many believe that there were several leaders the organization. Some of them include Ali Hassen Salamen, Abu Iyad, and Mohammad Yusuf Najjar. All of them were eagar to seek their revenge on the Israelis, and make their mark on the world. The reason for the name Black September is because of a ten day war, between the Palastinian guerrillas and the Jordinian Army, which began September 17, 1970. durining this war, over 4000 Palastinian men were killed. The fighting took place in the city of Amman, Jordan. The skirmishing in the streets of Amman was bloody. Neither side took any prisoners; both sides committed atrocities, many innocents were raped and killed, and most of the city was ablaze. In other parts of the country, besieged refugee camps where PLO fighters had taken refuge were running out of food and water (cedarland, 1). This war was given the name Black September, and gave inspiration to some...

Strong Quotes to Discover Your Inner Strength

Strong Quotes to Discover Your Inner Strength Everyone deals with low self-esteem or a lack of self-confidence from time to time. Its not easy to face hardships with a smile, nor should you try to; unresolved stress or anxiety can manifest itself in many negative ways (including physical illness).   But sometimes we just need a little nudge to try to get out of a rut or to keep going on a path that seems long and arduous. Hope can help us emerge from difficult situations feeling stronger and wiser.   Here are some quotes about finding that inner strength, from people who have faced hardship, to inspire you to keep going.   Inner Strength Quotes from Politicians Solitary trees, if they grow at all, grow strong.Too often the strong, silent man is silent only because he does not know what to say, and is reputed strong only because he has remained silent. -    Winston Churchill.  The legendary British Prime Minister, who was shot at during the Boer War and guided his country through World War II, was never at a loss for words.   A woman is like a tea bag - you cant tell how strong she is until you put her in hot water. - Eleanor Roosevelt.  Although Roosevelt changed forever the office of First Lady, acting as an advocate for women, minorities, and the poor, she had much hardship in her life, including being orphaned at age 10.   The strong man is the one who is able to intercept at will the communication between the senses and the mind. -   Napoleon Bonaparte Do not pray for easy lives. Pray to be stronger men. -   John F. Kennedy It is easier to build strong children than to repair broken men. -   Frederick Douglass You are never strong enough that you dont need help. -   Cesar Chavez Inner Strength Quotes from Writers Character is higher than intellect. A great soul will be strong to live as well as think. -    Ralph Waldo Emerson. He rose to become one of the elder statesmen of literary circles in early America, but Emerson suffered both the loss of his wife not long after their wedding  and the early loss of his father, both of which affected him profoundly.   The world breaks everyone, and afterward, some are strong at the broken places. -   Ernest Hemingway. Although he was a highly influential journalist and novelist, Hemingway struggled with alcoholism and depression his entire life.   Nothing can dim the light which shines from within. ― Maya Angelou. The author had a difficult childhood which included being raped by her mothers boyfriend, but she went on to win numerous critical accolades and awards for her writing.   Inner Strength Quotes from Philosophers To keep the body in good health is a duty,   otherwise, we shall not be able to keep our mind strong and clear. ―Buddha That which does not kill us makes us stronger. ―Friedrich Nietzsche Look well into thyself; there is a source of strength which will always spring up if thou wilt always look. ― Marcus Aurelius

Effective Managing Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Effective Managing Systems - Essay Example As a result, when the activities are already set to be done, the situation is simply controlled by those who know what is going on. Other officers become left-out in the air and the situation becomes tough for them as they act as though they know what is happening when actually they don't. The tension between the officers themselves stretches out to the members of the organization pulling down the unity of each team and brings down their activities to nearly "zero" results. The symbolic frame emphasizes the concept of culture as a central role in leadership. Leaders should know they must work simultaneously on staff needs and skills, on goals and roles and the dynamics of political power and conflict. But there is something that operates beyond all these, an intangible manifestation that reflects the ethos or climate of the university. In Bolman and Deal's (2003) terms, "what is most important is not what happens but what it means." In SCG and BSA's case, this frame is portrayed by the interpersonal relationship that the officers have towards the other members and towards themselves as well. This particular fame of leadership helps the leaders recompose themselves for the sake of the whole organization's benefit. The fact is that this is the easiest issue that needs to be dealt with in Bryant University. Meanwhile, the structural frame emphasizes the importance of formal roles and relationships. "Structures-commonly depicted by means of organizational charts-are created to fit an organization's environment and technology" (Bolman and Deal). The focus is on organizational direction and goals, roles, policies, procedures and co-ordination and planning. The structural processes in the school provide the medium by which clarification of direction, roles and documentation of policies and procedures can be communicated and undertaken and, therefore, is a means by which the vision of the organization is put into practice. In the Senior Class Gift Case, the structural frameworks for organizational planning are created to show the direction, roles, policies and procedures. The SCG is coordinated and systematically managed through a process of collaboration, in which goal-setting, policy-making, planning, budgeting, implementing and evaluating are integrated. However, the result seemed to lead to unsystematic, fragmented processes which have caused frustration and ineffectiveness when dealing with other organizations in Bryant. To be able to see closely on the issue's solution, this case analysis paper shall make use of the HR Frames and The Political Frame to be able to see what other reasons are there for the failures of the two major organizations being discussed. The treatment to the problem shall be based upon Bolman and Deal's (2003) Reorganization of key concepts embodied in leadership theory into the different categories of structural arrangements of organizations. Indeed, it is believed by the author of this paper that one of the key solutions to this particular problem is to examine the capabilities of the

International trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

International trade - Essay Example Second, as it operates in an international environment, it is subject to considerable competition and economic pressure from foreign competitors." http://www.transport.gov.za/library/docs/greenp3d.html As a maritime organisation, it has to take all its decisions keeping the external factors in view. It is impossible for it to function keeping only UK laws in mind, as it has to deal with almost all the countries, their companies, their shipping industry and other connected industries, and hence, the organisation automatically comes under laws made by those countries that could be suitable only for them. But an international organisation has to find ways and means to adapt itself into those laws. Education and training of the staff, making them aware of other cultures and alien atmospheres had been of great value. It is difficult for an organisation like BMEA not to get influenced by external environment. Most of the maritime organisations try to adapt themselves as much as possible to the environments, rules and policies of other countries, without which they cannot run their business. Shipping corporations have to adhere to the rules of flag ports, terminals and high seas only. But BMEA has to abide with even the country's internal laws, as its supplies go to the off shore industries and Government agencies. It has to learn every liaison rule prevalent in that particular country, deal with Government agencies and quasi government institutions for their supplies to get approved, because it represents the interests of its members, suppliers and manufacturers in Britain. To negotiate the supplies, prices, with markets abroad, it has to have its personnel ready and trained for the... British Marine Equipment Association (BMEA), established in 1966, is a market oriented trade association, works for the promotion of British manufacturers and suppliers, in other countries and supplies marine equipments to ports, terminals, off shore industries, and fishing industries.Several International conventions lay down the rules for the maritime organisations to follow as they are bound by these rules. Environmental rules have made the shipping difficult; but at the same time, it is definitely necessary as the seawater or seabed pollution could create unfortunate results, killing the sea animals, birds, fish and eventually affecting the health of humans. Stringent laws have been laid down against oil spill, paints and so many other hazards that could happen through the maritime industry. â€Å"The International Convention on the Control of Harmful Anti-fouling Systems on Ships will prohibit the use of harmful organotins in anti-fouling paints used on ships and will establish a mechanism to prevent the potential future use of other harmful substances in anti-fouling systems†. Education and training of the staff, making them aware of other cultures and alien atmospheres had been of great value. It is difficult for an organisation like BMEA not to get influenced by external environment.As BMEA deals with sales and services of equipments, it comes under the Sale of Goods Act and Sale Contract Act. All these international laws have to be honoured by the company while making a deal and supplying the equipments and servicing it later.

Kandinsky on Color Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kandinsky on Color - Assignment Example The essay "Kandinsky on Color" discovers the art of Wassily Kandinsky. Women wearing flowery and beautiful dresses in well-decorated rooms would make one imagine their happiness. Taking a closer look, one gets to realize that the women in these paintings seem bored and in deep thought. The women do not express any happiness, but sorrow and confusion. The painting reflects a dry season with the colors confirming the viewer's suspicion. Although thought so, the rolls of grass on the left side of the painting would mean that the dust is caused by the machinery harvesting the grass. The road seems brown, and a man walks along it. Trees along the road seem dried. The process of clearing could mean anticipated rains that will lead to sprouting of more grass and leaves on the trees. Dull colors in homes and workplaces lead to slow responses from individuals. Dull colors and appearance psychologically represent sadness while warm colors trigger happy reactions and also express happiness from individuals. Warm colors, when used in advertising and sales, grab the attention and interest of viewers. Additionally, dull colors repel the attention and interest of individuals. Therefore, to ensure a painting wins the attention of a majority of the targeted group of people, more warm colors and expression needs to get used. Therefore, it would be true to conclude that the eye is charmed by color before it ruminates the detail. Kandinsky Wassily became the genius of art after discovering its effects to people in different aspects.

Who are the typical winners and losers in an inflation and how does Essay

Who are the typical winners and losers in an inflation and how does inflation make them winners or losers - Essay Example Stockholders will benefit from a higher inflation as the factors that increase the price of goods also increases the values of companies (Money Expert 7). Also, as prices of products increase, owners of small businesses will be in a position to manage fixed-rate debt from investments in different business requirements. Citizens who earn low incomes may find it tough during the times of inflation. Low-income earners tend to have their wealth in cash unlike the wealthy who invest in real and financial assets. Low-income earners face challenges because inflation affects the value of their primary asset, which is cash (Money Expert 9). When a country faces inflation, the value of money goes down, and people tend to spend often since they have to spend all the money in their possession. The people on fixed incomes will find it challenging when inflation is high; unanticipated inflation on fixed income earners will make their income go down. High inflation also affects the economy of a country since the consuming power of citizens goes down while the standard of living reduces (Miller

Reflection questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflection questions - Essay Example Socrates does not seem to be afraid of death. Socrates persuades both the young and old not to care for their body or wealth. Socrates says that excellence is not brought about by wealth. However, excellence will make wealth and all that is good for the people. Socrates says that the fear of death is the pretence of wisdom. Socrates says that one cannot believe to be wise when he fears death. No one can know whether death could be the greatest blessing among the blessings for human beings. However, Socrates is surprised that people fear death as if they had known that it is the greatest of all evils. Socrates therefore says that believing one knows what one does not know is ignorance. Socrates says that when a man takes a position that he believes is the best option, he must face the danger without fearing death or having thoughts of anything else. Socrates does not fear death and he tells the jury that he will obey the gods rather than the jury. Socrates believes that every mind is offered a choice between truth and repose and he can never have both. He therefore chooses the truth rather than submitting to his enemies. Socrates says that those who believe that death is an evil are mistaken. Socrates believes that it would be better for him to die now because this will enable him to escape from trouble. Socrates believes that the life that is unexamined is not worth living for a man. Crito wanted to help Socrates to escape from the prison but due to the attitude that Socrates had he refused to escape from the prison. Socrates says that one should consider opinions of people of who are sensible and are able to see things as they turn out. Socrates suggests that what the public achieve is only determined by chance and it cannot make a man either foolish or wise. Socrates is unwilling to escape from the prison not because he is afraid of endangering or inconveniencing

Who are the typical winners and losers in an inflation and how does Essay

Who are the typical winners and losers in an inflation and how does inflation make them winners or losers - Essay Example Stockholders will benefit from a higher inflation as the factors that increase the price of goods also increases the values of companies (Money Expert 7). Also, as prices of products increase, owners of small businesses will be in a position to manage fixed-rate debt from investments in different business requirements. Citizens who earn low incomes may find it tough during the times of inflation. Low-income earners tend to have their wealth in cash unlike the wealthy who invest in real and financial assets. Low-income earners face challenges because inflation affects the value of their primary asset, which is cash (Money Expert 9). When a country faces inflation, the value of money goes down, and people tend to spend often since they have to spend all the money in their possession. The people on fixed incomes will find it challenging when inflation is high; unanticipated inflation on fixed income earners will make their income go down. High inflation also affects the economy of a country since the consuming power of citizens goes down while the standard of living reduces (Miller

Southern Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Southern Company - Essay Example Southern Company is an electric utility company headquartered in Atlanta.    The firm possesses electric gadgets in ‘Alabama’, ‘Florida’, ‘Georgia’, and ‘Mississippi’ and services millions of customers. It also provides services in fiber optics and wireless communications fields. The brands of this company are known for their customer service, which is highly excellent, have high reliability standards, and for the best part have priced their retail electric prices below the national average. The hiring system of the company was at the entry level, and individuals were promoted internally for leadership positions to be filled.  Because of this, the company had a very low turnover rate, of which the result was that an older and more tenured workforce was present. After much thought, the Company came up with a group of leaders who had a professional level of business knowledge and were conversant with the company’s organizat ion and culture. In the late 1970s, the company hired a large number of people, and this ensured that by the year 2003, most of those workers who had remained with the company were beginning to face retirement (Goldsmith, Marshall, Carter, Louis, & Best Practice Institute, 2009). The company’s employees had and still have a retirement age of 50 years old, so many executives had to retire in large numbers, and also those who succeeded them would have to follow shortly. With this, the cthis assisted the firm to review and reform their succession planning and leadership development efforts to ensure that they had a well planned from which effective leaders would be able to meet the company’s future business needs. The company’s leadership people formed teams that assisted in the overall ratings. Leaders comprehended what they wanted after the recognizing the performance standards. They were equipped with skills of making employees work outstandingly hard (Goldsmith , Marshall, Carter, Louis, & Best Practice Institute, 2009). Leaders are tasked with the responsibility of ensuring that their companies have the maximum performance ability and also to ensure the effectiveness of the company’s employees. Leaders are tasked with ensuring that employees’ performance is effective, and also should be able to develop and integrate new workers (Cohen, 2007). Developing and retaining of existing workers is also a major concern, while also finding ways to attract skilled workers to a company is another role of a leader. Talent management is the process by which an organization finds ways and means to retain, motivate, attract, engage, train, plan, manage, and most importantly develop individuals who can make the company rise to unimaginable heights in the global market. For every person coming into working economy, they have a particular talent and qualification. The Talent Management program enables these qualifications and talents to be sys tematically used in the operative process of a company. Most companies have a type(s) of employee appraisal system. Many companies are at a disadvantage of experiencing the lack of manual staff evaluation systems. Many individuals have trouble differentiating between performance management and performance appraisal. Performance Management is the process whereby the employees’ activities and outcomes are in line with the company’s objective and also ensures that whatever the outcome and activities involved, they are for the success of

Language and Gender in Adolescence Essay Example for Free

Language and Gender in Adolescence Essay In the reading, I agree with Penelope Eckert that adolescents are leaders of linguistic change. According to the World Wide Web, linguistic change is a phenomenon whereby phonetic, morphological, semantic, syntactic, and other features of language vary over time. Adolescents also known as teenagers or youth play a significant role in deteriorating or accelerating the kind of linguistic system in a particular place or community. If to be analyzed, this can be equated to the strong, active and consistent participation of the youth in voicing out their opinions, getting into social issues and trends, and in creating an environment that is suitable and almost ideal to their generation. In my opinion, there are three reasons which support the claim that adolescents are leaders of linguistic change in today’s age. These are peer pressure, media and the Internet. Peer Pressure A primary concern for teens during adolescence is the issue of ‘fitting in’ and ‘belongingness’. Since adolescence is an adjustment period where children suddenly leap to a stage where he or she would start in creating an image of themselves or a self-concept, there is a tendency for them to be lost and confused to who and what they really should be due to the numerous options in front of them. Often said than not, adolescents are more easily swayed rather than adults. It is easier to teach a youngster that is less matured and still in the process of knowing his or herself than an adult who already has a formed principle and beliefs. For example, if there is a new trend, let’s say in fashion or music, an adolescent would normally be swayed to what is ‘in’ and hit’ to most of the people around him or her so that he or she may be accepted in the circle he or she wanted to belong to. This also goes with his or her choice of words and language. Adolescents tend to speak the way people around them speak. They tend to become the persons their environment and peers dictate them to be in order to be socially accepted and relevant. When it comes to choice of words and language, youth can be easily influenced with what vernacular or words to use since in the stage of puberty serves as their training ground and preparation phase of how and who they’ll be in the future. Moreover, due to peer pressure, adolescents are assigned to groups or pacts which can influence another group of adolescents that make the widening of a certain trend expand faster. For example, in the Philippines there is this particular way or style of speaking called the ‘conyo’. In this manner, the person tends to combine his or her vernacular with American English when speaking in public or to certain persons. Most youth embraced this kind of manner since it is what is ‘in’ and famous among adolescents of their generation. Now, if a group speaks that way then heard by another person or group of persons and then that certain persons adopt the manner of speaking, there is a domino effect of the ‘conyo’ style that changes the linguistic system existing in that certain place or community. Media and the Internet Media and Internet are two powerful tools in linguistic change. This can be viewed in two ways: first, media and internet as tools in changing and influencing the minds and behavior of the people, and second, these tools as used by the people to change and influence their environment. Since most media and internet users are composed of the young population, those of which belong to the teen’s age and young adulthood, it can be concluded that the adolescents compromise this population. Now, how do the media and the Internet serve as tools in influencing their users? The media is changing and along the likes of TV programs that are hit to their viewers, people especially teenagers are going along with the change. Since media is a daily part of one’s life, it can easily influence its viewers on how they should be. For example, most teens mimic their favorite artists with their fashion, choice of stuffs and even with their manner of talking and handling things. Aside from the media, the Internet constitutes a great deal in linguistic change. The trends being delivered by Internet services like instant messaging, blogging and social networking influences the culture of its users when it comes to their linguistic style and system. Instant messaging taught us the short-style of sending messages (i. e. â€Å"Who R U? †, BRB, LOL, and the like). Through media and Internet, adolescents are also exposed to different styles of language. They are exposed to the kind of words they see in web pages, newspapers, magazines and different publications, and hear in TV and radios or in podcasts that sooner or later they’ll adopt. On the other hand, these tools are also used by the people to change and influence their environment and co-individuals. Through these, the youth became more empowered when connecting with their co-youth and when sharing their ideals that affect a great deal of people. They became more heard, powerful and capable of changing the linguistic system they live with. They were able to take control of the system through media, internet, and their characteristics as youth and population. To summarize, I believe that adolescents are the leaders of linguistic change. Primarily, the interconnectedness of peer pressure, media and the internet attributed to the power of the youth to be the catalyst of change in their linguistic system due to their own ways and styles of dealing with their environment and in their process of finding and knowing them

Trench Warfare In 1914

Trench Warfare In 1914 World War I began in 1914 and lasted up until 1918; the war involved two sides which were entitled the Central Powers and the Allies. The Allied powers consisted of: France, the British Empire, the Russian Empire, Italy, United States, Japan, Romania, Serbia Belgium, Greece, and Portugal. The Central Powers consisted of: the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria. Many factors led up World War I such as nationalism, imperialism, and the assassination in Sarajevo. The Western Front was quickly lined with trenches producing a stalemate for most of the war. With the introduction of these deadly trenches it soon brought new devastating tactics such as poison gas, hand grenades, tanks, and heavy mortar attacks.  [1]  During World War I trench warfare had significant and lasting effects on soldiers due to the devastating and horrid conditions. Over two hundred thousand men died in the trenches during World War I.  [2]  Trench warfare was first started during the development of rapid firing small firearms and artillery strikes. With these new developments it made infantry charges a lot less effective and impracticable, thus bringing stalemate to both sides. Trench warfare was a type of fighting were soldiers on both sides stayed in trenches to avoid enemy fire. The soldiers built their beds into the side of the trenches. They dug holes in the ground to use as bathrooms. In order to get around in the trenches they needed to walk on boards to keep from sinking in the soft soil. If a solder should lift his head above the trench he would risk being shot by an enemy sniper. The trenches that were constructed were made in a zigzag pattern, never being in a straight line, and were approximately twelve feet deep. By being dug in a zigzag pattern it made it so it was not possible to see more then ten feet down the trench. The re ason being was so that if the trench was infiltrated with enemies the enemy would not be able to gain access to the hole trench, but rather only one point Another reason for the zigzagged trenches was to compress a bomb or bomb shell if it landed in the trench. Death within the trenches was a continuous cycle that never ended, even with the absence of any raids that were launched by the enemy. Nonstop artillery attacks were set out by the enemies directed at the trenches brought unsystematic death to men that were either relaxing in the dugout and laid flat down in the trench.  [1]  New soldiers that had never been in trenches were often killed due to curiosity while looking over the trenches into no mans land. Millions of rats infested trenches of World War I. With so many rats infesting the trenches they were eventually classified into type types of rats, the brown rat and the black rat. The rats could grow up to the size of a cat by crawling into the corpses of dead bodies and eating their internal parts, completely changing the dead soldiers appetence.  [2]  Soldiers, becoming exhausted and afraid of the rats, tried many different ways to kill them such as hitting them to death, shooting them, and even using the bayonets at the end of their guns. Rats could produce up to nine hundred offspring a year which would later on spread infections within the trenches and contaminate foods. Lice were among many of the other problems faced in trench warfare. Lice would breed and lay eggs in fine seem of the soldiers clothing, causing them to start to itch. Although clothes were washed from time to time this did not stop the spread of lice eggs. As soon as the clothes were washed the eggs would still remain hidden in the seams and hatch because of the steamy weather. Trench Fever was a diseased caused by the lice. The disease first started off with excruciating pain and then progress into a high fever. To recover from Trench Fever soldiers had to be sent away from the trenches to recuperate, which took around twelve weeks. It was not until the end of the war until lice were finally identified as the cause of Trench Fever. Another diseased cause by trench warfare was Trench Foot. The cause for Foot Fever was the unhygienic conditions of the trenches and the cold, wet ground. If it got worse enough the foot many times, would have been amputated. By 1915 the sanitary conditi ons of trenches improves and the cases of Trench Foot went down.  [1]   The soldiers were under heavy watch by snipers and enemy look outs during the day which required them to keep their heads down and limit activity. When nightfall arrived men continued on with their assigned duties, once done they were aloud to go and concentrate on more personal issues. Soldiers would writer letters home, write diaries and read books to cure their boredom in the trenches. No synopsis of trench warfare can skip generalization of the deadly smell in the trenches in which the soldiers first encountered when they got to the trenches for the first time. There were thousands upon thousands of dead bodies lining the battlefield rotting giving off a horrible stench. For instance, two hundred thousand bodies lay out in No Mans Land after the Battle of Somme. The feet were told to give off the most horrific smell of all, because men most times, did not have shoes that were in good condition, if they had a pair at all. Areas designated for the soldiers to go to the bathroom were overflowing, consequently giving off a horrible order. Soldiers who had not been able to have the comfort of bathing themselves would give off a reeking smell of dried sweat. The smell of creosol and chloride of lime, used as disinfectants, stained the disgusting air. Include the smell of cordite, the persistent aroma of poison gas, rotting sandbags, heavy mud, cigarette smoke and cookin g food even though it overwhelmed the newcomers to the trenches, many of the men soon got use to it. Along with these few examples consisted the smell of gun powered, poisonous gas, cigarette smoke, cooking food, mud, and rotting sandbags all of which turned the smell of the air into a common enemy for both sides.  [1]   Each morning after breakfast each man would be inspected by a superior commander. Once inspection was done thee commanders would then assign each soldier their daily chores, except for men who had a medical excuse or various excuses.  [2]  Many chores within the trenches consisted of refilling the sandbags, repairing the trench boards that lined the floors in the inside, and draining the trench of an access of water. Especially after rain downfall the trenches consumed a lot of muddy rain water; this made the trenches very weak and the walls unstable. To solve this problem men were assigned to use the pumping equipment, if the damage was too bad then a group of men would be told to actually repair the trench. With the arrival of dusk the cycle of stand off was started to protect the trenches from any attacks during the night in the dark. During this time the trenches become enlightened with activity as men executed various activities. Although the enemy would always be on the look out and it was still fairly dangerous maintained and supply activities were performed To get their rations of food, the soldiers would be sent to the back of the lines to gather the little food they were given. In addition soldiers would be assigned fire step duty. Fire steps were mounds of dirt used to boost up the soldiers to peer over the sandbags. A man was generally expected to be on duty guarding for attacks for two hours. The reason men were only expected to serve two hour shifts would be because the commanders didnt want to risk a man falling asleep while on duty. If on fire step duty and a soldier were to fall asleep then the penalty would be death by firing squad. The system in which the trenches were made had a specific order in where they were placed and why. The Allied had a main system of four different types of trenches. The first lines of trenches were located 50 yards to a mile from the German front line of trenches, often called the attacking or firing trenches.  [1]  Positioned in the rear, the front trenches were the support trenches, which were usually several hundred yards away. The support trenches had the job to provide the front trenches with more men and supplies. Behind the support trenches contained another line of trenches called the reserved trenches. The reserve trenches were several hundred yards away further behind support trenches. The meaning for the reserve trenches was for it to be supplied with men and emergency supplies incase there was an invasion of the first two rows, the front and support trenches. The fourth type of trench, the communication trenches, was used to transport messages, men, and supplies betwe en the various trenches. To attach the bunkers and gun storages the trenches often had underground networks to join them to the communication trenches. The trench system in which the Germans adopted was a lot more glamorous so to speak. The Germans built complex and more refined tunnels and trench structures.  [1]  Some living quarters within the trenches could be over fiftieth under the ground. The trenches in which the Germans occupied consisted of electricity, beds, toilets, and needs in which was the total opposite of the Allied trenches. To break the deadlock of the war British came up with idea of a tank and started to develop plans to make them to break the stalemate of the war. During the Battle of Somme tanks were first used but only in limited numbers. Tanks, at first, were shown to be unreliable and ineffective largely because there was poor strategic and tactical planning. Some of the bad strategies involved were that the tanks were being spread too thinly on the ground. Also huge shell explosions made big holes within the ground and it created a great problem for the tanks of the time, they were still in the early stages of development and not that maneuverable.  [1]  Towards the end of World War I more improved concepts of tanks and strategys made them able to get through enemy lines and become an important component of war. Although trench warfare brought many negative aspects into World War I, it also had a few positively out looked specifics as well. The more modern idea, at the time, of open field fighting was soon lost due to the trenches. Mens lives wouldnt be simply washed away in open field combat where they lined up waiting for their lives to be taken. Although gruesome, trenches gave the men somewhere to sleep, eat, and have cover from open fire. After World War I the tanks design continued to get better and began to bring back the more mobile part of war once known before trench warfare. The use of tanks is still used up to this day with improved designs and tactics. The devastating conditions of trench warfare proved to be a major catastrophe in World War I. The construction of these huge holes in the earth was a long and very heavy labor required job. Conditions in these unsanitary trenches were infested with rats and lice which killed off two hundred thousand men alone in the Great War.  [2]  The feet were told to give off the most horrific smell of all, because men most times, did not have shoes that were in good condition, if they had a pair at all. Diseases plagued through the trenches from soldiers to soldier from lice and the wet cold floor of the twelve foot pits. Stand-off and other agonizing duties made life in the trenches hell on earth. The small rations of food were given to them and gave them barley anything, just enough to survive. A combination of air attacks, mortar bombardment, and tank invasions soon overcame trench warfare.  [3]  On the battlefield water was often found and depended on from contaminated water that collected in shell-holes and other hollow spaces which caused dysentery.

AC Bridge Circuits :: Papers

AC Bridge Circuits As we saw with DC measurement circuits, the circuit configuration known as a bridge can be a very useful way to measure unknown values of resistance. This is true with AC as well, and we can apply the very same principle to the accurate measurement of unknown impedances. To review, the bridge circuit works as a pair of two-component voltage dividers connected across the same source voltage, with a null-detector meter movement connected between them to indicate a condition of "balance" at zero volts: [IMAGE] Any one of the four resistors in the above bridge can be the resistor of unknown value, and its value can be determined by a ratio of the other three, which are "calibrated," or whose resistances are known to a precise degree. When the bridge is in a balanced condition (zero voltage as indicated by the null detector), the ratio works out to be this: [IMAGE] One of the advantages of using a bridge circuit to measure resistance is that the voltage of the power source is irrelevant. Practically speaking, the higher the supply voltage, the easier it is to detect a condition of imbalance between the four resistors with the null detector, and thus the more sensitive it will be. A greater supply voltage leads to the possibility of increased measurement precision. However, there will be no fundamental error introduced as a result of a lesser or greater power supply voltage unlike other types of resistance measurement schemes. Impedance bridges work the same, only the balance equation is with complex quantities, as both magnitude and phase across the components of the two dividers must be equal in order for the null detector to indicate "zero." The null detector, of course, must be a device capable of detecting very small AC voltages. An oscilloscope is often used for this, although very sensitive electromechanical meter movements and even headphones (small speakers) may be used if the source frequency is within audio range. One way to maximize the effectiveness of audio headphones as a null

Coffee retail Essay

1. Introduction The report revolves around the Retail Industry. As it is a very generic industry we have taken the Coffee Retail Market as the highlight of scrutiny. Our scope of study is focused taking in consideration only India as the geographic segment. We broadly look at the Porter’s Five Forces of the industry specifically. Also the complementors are observed and how they affect the retail business of coffee houses. The major players identified in the industry are Starbucks, Cafe Coffee Day, Barista, Costa Coffee, and Nescafe. Grilling down further the report includes SWOT analysis, External Factor analysis matrix ,Internal Factor analysis matrix and PESTEL analysis. 2. Porter’s Five Forces The porter’s five forces model framework is very helpful in understanding the industry and market closely. It further helps in determining the profitability of the industry as a whole. Also helps the management in taking strategic decisions accordingly. 2. 1 Threat of New Entrants In the present world coffee has become a really popular beverage among Indians. This makes it an attractive market for the potential companies who are looking up for opening their retail coffee houses in India. Entering the industry is not that cumbersome in case a business house admires to open up a small coffee shop. Problem arises in respect to entering the industry when they aspire to set up retail coffee chains or speciality coffee shops. Due to many established names in the industry like Cafe Coffee Day and Costa Coffee, establishing brand name also becomes an issue. Companies already with established brand names like Coca Cola, Starbucks can enter the industry easily without much caution as they already have marketing strategies designed in their favour. As a conclusion, we can state that barriers to entry are Low especially for global brands and they can easily enter the coffee retail industry with established marketing strategy, name, and huge capital and financial stability. Otherwise, hard for new and unknown firms admiring to be in the business. 2. 2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers The suppliers for the coffee retail industry in India generally come from southern India i. e. Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Though these days different types of coffee are becoming popular among the Indians like, Gourmet, Organic, Eco-friendly coffee, and they are being sold for better prices in comparison to the traditional brewed coffee. Still the situation is not really in favour of these suppliers. These coffee growers are poor, competitive and rely on the buyers to a great extent. Therefore, power remains to be limited. This proves to be good for the retail outlets in the business. 2. 3 Bargaining power of Customers. The whole retailing coffee industry depends upon the customers. So it is of vital importance to satisfy the customers in order to give them a reason to visit again. In this case word-of mouth plays an important role. So, if people appreciate about a particular coffee shop or chain, others are likely to try it. Thus, retailers must find new strategies and techniques of luring away the customers. But it is very important for the localities coffee retail shops to understand that they cannot charge prices as high as the industry players like Starbucks, Barista or Cafe Coffee Day. They need to maintain a low price profile in order to attract customers. So in case of these small locality retail shops the bargaining power of customers is very high. Otherwise the other coffee retail chains (industry players) do hold some control over the prices charged but it becomes important to consider the customers purchasing power. Otherwise they would switch over to other brand as there is no switching cost for them. This establishes that the bargaining power of customers is high and really important measure for the conduct of efficient business. Also these coffee retail chains should understand that the customers can also make the coffee at home which justifies their higher bargaining power. 2. 4 Threat of Substitute products There are a lot of substitutes for the coffee retail industry in general. Specially, the soft drinks industry has always given fierce competition. Also, other products like ice cream, candy, and beer are also a part of substitute products. It becomes important for these retail houses to make coffee more popular and drinkable amongst the masses. People should never consider switching from their coffee shops. But with changing preferences of Indian masses in favour of coffee the players within the industry are making maximum efforts in favour of differentiating its products from the substitute products. Also strategic decisions and marketing activities are initiated to shift the customer base from the substitutes resulting in high demand of coffee from the retail sector. So the threat of substitutes is also moderate. 2. 5 Competitive Rivalry within the Industry Considering the entire coffee retail industry as the scope of study, there are number of retail chains serving the industry effectively. To top the list is Starbucks, and than many more such as Cafe Coffee Day, Barista, Costa Coffee, Gloria Jeans, Nescafe, Bru Cafe, Dunkin Donuts, Mc Donalds, and small Kiosks and coffee points are also emerging in localities. They all are different in size and serve different segments of the society but are competing with each other in some or the other way. Each retailer follows different marketing strategy to lure away their target segments. Also with moving times the industry is occupying a stable position in the retail sector and is saturated . Therefore, we can say that the competitive rivalry though on the higher side does not affects the profit margins for the industry. 3. Complementors There is a sixth force to the porter’s five forces model, the power and competence that the complementors provide to the business. The complementors are those that help in selling and adding value to the existing products of the industry. When these products are used together they help in satisfying customer demands more effectively. It is also to be believed that these complementors play an important role in drawing in the demand for the industry. This in turn helps in scaling up the profits. Conversely, the poor products being manufactured or supplied by the complementors may harm the profits and demand. So it becomes important on part of managers to analyse all the six forces and then think systematically how their strategic choices would affect the industrial competition. Majorly the complementors can be associated with high-tech industries wherein they literally help in hiking the sales and profits for the industry. In our case, coffee retailing is not an industry that has any such complementors that would help in boosting sales or profits. But certain products are identified by us that in a slight way might affect the coffee retailing business. Like, merchandising, snacks offered for sale in coffee retail chains. Merchandising includes apparels and coffee mugs and other products such as soft toys and key chains available for sale by many coffee retail houses Cafe Coffee Day, Barista, Starbucks etc. Snacks are offered mainly by all the coffee houses in the form of cookies, patties, croissants, sandwiches, pasta, oats etc. So these complementors directly help in pushing up the sales of the business. 4. SWOT Analysis 5. External factor Analysis External strategic forces. Weight Rating Weighted score Comments Opportunities 1. India Large market .18 4 .72 Second most populated nation of the world 2. Increase in spending power .15 3 .45 The GDP or the purchasing power is rising adequately 3. Youth population .13 4 .52 Youth are the ones who are more prone and exposed to cafes 4. Favourable labour cost .07 2 .14 Easily available manpower at lower costs 5. Favourable infrastructure cost .07 2 .14 Low and easy access to infrastructure 6. Opportunity to serve the tea drinking segment .05 1 .05 A major portion of population is attracted towards tea drinking. Threats 1. Low per capita income. .07 3 .21 Huge requirement to extend products at competitive prices 2. Increasing health consciousness .04 1 .04 3. Competiton from fast food joints .04 3 .12 Mc Donalds, Pizza Hut, Subway 4. Hiking coffee prices .06 3 .18 5. Tea drinking segment .10 4 .4 This segment consumes tea at least twice a day 6. Rare habit of travelling to cafes .04 1 .04 Total score 1. 00 3. 01 The EFE matrix is made by comparing the coffee industry with the other beverage industry in India and weights and ratings are assumed according to personal knowledge. Considering the external factors effecting the industry EFE matrix is created. A score of more then 2. 5 reflects that the industry has more than average capability in response to external forces particularly the beverage industry in India. 6. Internal Factor Analysis Internal strategic forces Weight Rating Weighted Score Comments Strengths 1. Increasing Coffee demand .18 4 .72 Changing lifestyle leading to coffee adaptation 2. Favourable labour relations .15 3 .45 3. Non-perishable commodity .12 4 .48 Coffee is a non-perishable commodity which has no threat of being spoiled easily. Weakness 1. Low dominance over price .15 2 .3 Due to competitors in the industry. 2. Heavy export of coffee .05 1 .05 Low domestic consumption 3. High operating cost .2.5 1 .25 Total 1 2. 25 In the above tables, Column 1 depicts the strategic factors Column 2 depicts weight assigned to each strategic factor from 0 to 1 i. e. not important to most important Column 3 depicts the rating assigned to each factor wherein a scale of 1-4 is used. It signifies industry’s present response to each factor. In EFE matrix 1-4 is responses from poor to superior and In IFE 1-2 is major and minor weakness and 3-4 is major and minor strength. Column 4 gives in the weighted score. Column 5 represents the comments for the strategic factors Since internal factor analysis is used to judge wether the company is performing inline with the expected strengths and weaknesses or not. Generally an average score of 2. 5 on 10 is expected. After the analysis, we conclude that the internal weigted score of coffee industry in India is almost in line with 2. 5,reflected that the respected industry is running as astrong business internally as well. 7. Value Chain It is a series of activities aimed at delivering maximum value to a customer, through a product or service, at the minimum cost. This model analyses how a firm procures raw materials, adds value to these material through various processes and sells the finished product to the ultimate consumer. All these functions are performed with the objective of maximizing customer value at minimum cost. The value chain of the retail coffee industry consists of the following processes and activities: 7. 1 Primary activities 7. 1. 1 Inbound Logistics: This is primarily concerned with the procurement of raw materials in the form of coffee beans and various types of dairy products, required by all the coffee retail outlets. The aim is to procure high quality materials so that best of the flavours is served to the customers. Cafe Coffee Day does in-house sourcing through coffee estates owned by the company. Starbucks Coffee and Barista Lavazza chains have sourcing agreement with Tata Coffee. Cafe Nescafe, owned by Nestle works through community farming, where it provides high yielding quality, disease resistant seeds to the farmers for improved productivity. The company provides regular and fair remuneration to the farmers. Dairy products are also sourced through community farming. 7. 1. 2 Operations: There are various operations involved in the business of retail coffee outlets. The most important operation to be performed is roasting of the coffee beans, which gives the taste, flavor and smell to the coffee. Tata coffee provides roasting services to Starbucks and Barista through its own roasting facility. The outlets undertake all the operations to run an outlet like preparation of items, serving them to the customers and billing, etc. Starbucks and Cafe Coffee Day work on the model wherein order is taken and served to the customers on the table, whereas Barista works as self-service outlet. 7. 1. 3 Outbound Logistics: The customers are serviced through company owned or licensed retail outlets, which may be in the form of lounge, highway cafes or store-in-store. The stores are set up in centralized locations, which are easily accessible to the customers, in order to achieve maximum footfall. According to a business standard report, top 40 cities in India have around 1700 coffee outlets. CCD is the largest coffee chain in India with 1200 outlets, followed by Barista having 154 outlets and Starbucks having 21 outlets. Starbucks also sells some of its products through retail stores and super markets. 7. 1. 4 Marketing and Sales: Companies undertake various promotional activities to attract a large number of customers, which may be in the form of sponsorships and co-marketing initiatives. Customers are also benefited through loyalty card programs, carrying various offers and advantages. Value meal combos attract students who have low purchasing power. Marketing is also done through TV and media sources. All this is done to maximize sales. 7. 1. 5 Services: Coffee retail industry relies on the quality of service to the customers. These chains don’t sell coffee, they sell experience. For this, highly trained staff is recruited to provide high quality customer service. Other services offered are newspapers, magazines and free Wi-Fi to the customers. 7. 2 Support services 7. 2. 1 Firm Infrastructure: In order to have a smooth flow of operations, the companies need to have sound infrastructure for accounting, planning, finance, management, etc. The retail outlets have inviting interiors and comfortable seating space. 7. 2. 2 Human Resource Management: Human Resources are the most valuable assets of any organization, and same also goes with these retail coffee chains. Highly trained people are recruited to provide high quality customer service. Various training and motivation programs are conducted to further enhance the skills of these people, which will add to the customer value. 7. 2. 3 Technology: Companies have started using latest technology to perform their operations. Computerized roasting machines are being used to maintain the consistency in the flavour of coffee beans. Barista has installed control systems like Total Quality Management to ensure the quality of materials distributed. Latest software is being used to achieve maximum operational efficiency. 7. 2. 4 Procurement: In order to achieve maximum customer satisfaction, companies need to procure raw materials that are of best quality available in the market. Companies also need to source furniture, kitchen equipment, utensils, etc. , which act as complements in the operations of coffee retail outlets. All the above-mentioned activities aim to maximize the customer value at the minimum cost. 8. PESTEL Analysis A strategic framework of macro economic , political, economical, socio-cultural, technological, environmental, and legal factors include :- 8. 1 Political factors. Indian coffee board has proved a helping hand to the coffee industry of the same after 1996 de-regulation of coffee marketing. after it it has grown up as a free market leading to a four times growth in its trade. around 70-80% of the country’s production is exported . A coffee produced with set standards named fair trade coffee is one of the major constituents to coffee retailing. the one managing this in the country is fair trade alliance , kerela. Starbucks in India is certified to fair trade coffee provider ,whereas barista lavazza has fair trade coffee compliance abroad buit not in India and same is the case with dunkin donuts. 8. 2 Economical factors Development in lifestyle of people and coffee turning as a delighting factor in the economy ,the consumption of coffee is taking a pace. Increase in consumption by urban young generation is expected to take the industry at a whopping business of around 2250 crores by the year 2017. Though it currently stands at Rs. 1100 with its major players trading like barista, CCd etc. The infrastructure developements, the enhancing demand and smoothing trade procedure leads to incremental trade for the industry. A coffeeproduced with set standards named fair trade coffee is one of the major condstituents to coffee retailing. The one managing this in the country is fair trade alliance,kerela. Starbucks inIindia is certified to fair trade coffee provider , whereas barista lavazza has fair trade coffee compliance abroad but not in India and same is the case with dunkin donuts 8. 3 Socio- Cultural factors Catering to the ever increasing population of the country, it is the responsibility of the businesses to look for to the socio economic factors in place . For instance, the development in lifestyle of people is leading to increase in the coffee consumption in the country. Keeping these factors into mind businesses like cafe coffee day claims of training 400-500mpeople every month to enhance employment and as a part of responsibility to the society, MC Donalds along with CCD keep staff to clean right under your feet. Similar to those dunkin donuts provides 21 day training program to the staff to help customers better. As a part of social responsibility 50% Costa coffee employees in Delhi and NCR are deaf people. 8. 4 Technological factors With the changing lifestyle and gezmo addicted generation, one cannot afford to have a internet free cafe . The presence of bluetooths and wifi within the outlets of coffee companies is the basic requirement to get on the customer to the shop. The comfort of checking the emails, organising commercial meetings in the coffee shops an sitting there for hours requires the business to have a wifi enabled cafe. For eg -starbucks (India) uses help AT&T(India) to provide a click, no password facility for easy internet accessSalong with there mobile apps and various online facilties. Moreover whotspot also helps in proving in these facilities. Barista lavazza uses strategy ‘ internet with mugs’ named strategy to lure customers in contract with spectranet. Along with this value addition it also provide facilities like hot deals with customers downloading deal on their tablets or smartphones and avail the services on the spot. 8. 5 Environmental factors The weather conditions play a major role in production of coffee. Environmental factors in case of coffee is the seasonal dependecy of the amount of coffee produced across different seasons. For instance:- with on time monsoon this year in the country,the coffee production in southern area of country raised upto 8-10%. in india other factors on which the coffee production depends are the pest infestation and limitation of mechanisation. conserving water, recycling,energy and plastic management etc are also few termenologies which companies takecare off. 8. 6 Legal factors Legal establishments popping up prooved as aiding cushions to the domestic market of the industry as well along with the outside trade. with liberalisation of industries in 1991 this particular industry was also benefited. One of the drastic help was with the FDI in retail industry i. e around 51% which turned trade more smoother then before. Tarrif charges in india are 40-605 on raw material and 60-100% on semi finished goods. Mc Donalds bring its coffee reatailing from its brand mccafe originated in melbourne,australlia. Starbucks got the way to enter in Indian markets after FDI was allowed by government but still restriction to get 30% of sourcing from SME’s of India. Indian institute of plantation management, Banglore (IIPM)usually takes up the responsibility of coffee retailing in the country along with its entrepreneurship and development. 9. Conclusion The coffee retail industry in India is on the expansion path and has doubled over the last decade. The present size of the market is estimated at Rs. 1520 crore, which is expected to reach Rs. 3775 core by the year 2018, a CAGR of around 20%. Earlier there was no such demand for moving out of the houses for coffee consumption but the emerging coffee retail chains have changed the scenario triggering consumption need amongst the young adults. Serving the evolutionary phase exceptionally well, these coffee retail chains are overwhelmed with the response in the Indian market are planning further expansion of their networks in the country. The above analysis of porter’s five forces highlights that the profitability of the industry is expanding with westernised culture being adapted by Indians. (Porters 5 force analysis). The snack and merchandise industry are complementing the coffee retail industry very effectively thereby leading to inflated sales and profits for these retail houses. (complementors). Reflected by the study of strategy of coffee industry hereby conclude that the Indian coffee industry is a strong respondent to the external factors (EFA matrix) as well as internally also industry is doing well(IFA matrix). To increase the figures of sales and profitability, a number of varieties of coffee and eatables are offered, targeted at different price-points of the market. The companies are using innovative strategies and marketing tactics. A large young population, rapid urbanization and changing lifestyle, coupled with not-so-difficult entry into the market have attracted a large number of domestic and foreign players in the country. Global brands like Starbucks are keen in investing in the Indian market due to the huge potential it displays. This is evident from the sizeable revenues that these brands have generated over the years. (PESTEL and Value chain). Only home grown coffee is served in the Indian market as coffee import attracts a duty of 120%. Coffee beans are sourced from company owned estates or through the means of community farming. Companies with established brand names are able to run their business successfully, whereas small business houses are in a way struggling to compete in the market. 10. Bibliography Unknown. 2013. [online] Available at: http://pure. au. dk/portal-asb-student/files/3785/khrystyna_diaz_final_theses. pdf [Accessed: 12 Oct 2013]. Unknown. 2013. [online] Available at: http://coe. brown. edu/documents/StarbucksaStrategicAnalysis_R. Larson_honors_2008. pdf [Accessed: 12 Oct 2013]. Unknown. 2013. [online] Available at: http://www. google. co. in/url? sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CEYQFjAD&url=http%3A%2F%2Fojs. cnr. ncsu. edu%2Findex. php%2FJTATM%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F1917%2F1205&ei=tqhRUsevEIrprQeNjoHQCg&usg=AFQjCNHBlG5wSoXga_TfbHIkiBKAffxb2g [Accessed: 12 Oct 2013]. Sites. google. com. 2013. Porter’s Five Forces – Starbucks and Dunkin Donuts. [online] Available at: https://sites.google. com/site/starbucksanddunkindonuts/porter-s-five-forces [Accessed: 12 Oct 2013]. Slideshare. net. 2013. Tata Starbucks Ltd A Strategic Analysis. [online] Available at: http://www. slideshare. net/ranganathpandit/tata-starbucks-ltd-a-strategic-analysis-15117792 [Accessed: 12 Oct 2013]. Dudovskiy, J. 2012. Starbucks Value-Chain Analysis – Research Methodology. [online] Available at: http://research-methodology. net/starbucks-value-chain-analysis/ [Accessed: 12 Oct 2013]. Emergingstars. com. 2013. ‘A lot can happen over coffee’ | Success Story | Emerging Stars. [online] Available at: http://www. emergingstars. com/success-stories/lot-can-happen-over-coffee [Accessed: 12 Oct 2013]. Unknown. 2013. [online] Available at: http://www. iipmthinktank. com/functions/marketing/compartive. pdf [Accessed: 12 Oct 2013]. Diplom-Kauffrau (FH), M. 2013. GRIN – Coffee Shop Industry – A Strategic Analysis. [online] Available at: http://www. grin. com/en/e-book/111348/coffee-shop-industry-a-strategic-analysis [Accessed: 12 Oct 2013] Kulkarni, M. 2013. India slips to 7th rank in global coffee production. [online] Available at: http://www. business-standard.com/article/markets/india-slips-to-7th-rank-in-global-coffee-production-113090400124_1. html [Accessed: 13 Oct 2013]. The Economic Times. 2009. Indian coffee industry: A paradigm of sustainable development. 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Communication between countries

Communication between countries has become one of the most important things for country leaders to consider. However, some people think that regular communication can lead to a mixture of culture that may cause culture collapse. Actually, communication between countries cannot be avoided in modern society. Also, culture will always disappear when time passes as young people are less concern about culture. Besides, communication can create new culture that can lead the world to a more platonic place that all people can live together without much culture differences Firstly, we need communication and diversity between countries.Different countries have different culture. Without communication, the country is over closed that may cause huge disaster. Just like China during King Dynasty: when the empire decided to close the gate of trade, she actually closed a most convenient way to develop and gain power. Finally, the whole country was almost defeated by the foreign enemies. From the le sson taught by Chinese people's blood, we cannot stop communicating between countries. Secondly, culture collapse is not mainly caused by communication. When ages pass, all old things will eventually disappear s these are not what young people interested in.Therefore, when more old people have gone, less people are familiar with it; even it Is their own culture, until finally when they realize it. At that time, those people actually need other similar culture to complete their lost part. From time to time, the thing that some called culture collapse occurs, but it is Just a way for people to maintain their culture. Last but not least, it is true that many cultures have huge differences that a little action may cause huge misunderstanding. For example, the same gesture made In China means K means money in Japan and also means affront In Brazil.As a result, because traveling has become one of the most Important entertainments, so we need to accept different culture from communicating between countries. Although there are many religions In the world, their mall purpose Is the same which Is to give people belief, to prevent them giving up when meeting difficulties as they believe gods are helping them, and to lead them In the right way with appreciation. In that case, even countries have a variety of culture; the mixture of culture can actually Improve the ultra and make It better.In conclusion, communication between countries cannot be stopped as not only countries need It, culture needs It, too. It may cause culture change Its original, but It Is no doubted that the communication Is helping the culture and lower the speed of culture collapse. Communication between countries By Rose-Wang have gone, less people are familiar with it; even it is their own culture, until finally huge misunderstanding. For example, the same gesture made in China means K means money in Japan and also means affront in Brazil.As a result, because revealing has become one of the most impo rtant entertainments, so we need to many religions in the world, their main purpose is the same which is to give people helping them, and to lead them in the right way with appreciation. In that case, even countries have a variety of culture; the mixture of culture can actually improve the culture and make it better. In conclusion, communication between countries cannot be stopped as not only countries need it, culture needs it, too. It may cause culture change its original, but it is no doubted that the communication is helping the

Death Penalty Should Be Abolished Essay

The death penalty is a cruel and uncivilized way of keeping crime down to a minimum, by killing anyone who commits a horrible crime such as murder. The most common way of being killed while on death penalty is lethal injection. The death penalty does not change murderers minds whether they should kill someone or not. If people have a mental illness and are psychopaths and enjoy killing i’m sure they never think to themselves and say if I do kill someone then I will go to jail and then be killed. They go through with the murder because that’s what they intended to do from the start. Also in Europe there is no death penalty and research shows that the murder rate is drastically lower than the USA. This shows that the death penalty does not scare murderers out of doing what they want to do. The death penalty is not the best protection form a murderer. It may be the best protection from a specific murderer if he is going to be killed with death penalty because he will not live anymore and so he wouldn’t be alive to kill you. But if you are trying to protect yourself from being murdered the death penalty will not help you at all. It would be like telling someone, while they are in the middle of murdering you, that they shouldn’t do it because once the police find out they’re going to have the death penalty! The murderer would not stop at nothing if his mission was to kill you. Justice for the victim is not achieved through the death penalty. Justice is not achieved because if a man murdered a the son of a husband and wife, and the son was killed, the son is already dead. Just because the murderer is sentenced to the death penalty doesn’t mean that their son will magically come back to life and be the same person he was. He is dead and the murder of the murderer will not do anything but give the husband and wife revenge. To conclude the death penalty should not be allowed there is no perks or cons of having it. It gives no justice to anyone, it isn’t a very effective way of scaring anyone and it most likely wont protect you from any murderer.