Essay --

Virginia Satir was a key participant in the development of family systems theory. She was the developer of Conjoint family therapy, the Change Process model and the Communication model of family therapy. wholeness of her loading beliefs was that growth, change and understanding can be achieved to help people reach their full potential. She believed that she could help families to improve their relationships and communication exchanges (Caflisch, n.d.). All families pee a accredited way that they function with each former(a) and have a set way of how they solve problems together. However, some families may find themselves unable to successfully castigate any problems that may occur as well as have difficulties in properly communicating with each other. This occurrence can gravel dysfunction and unhappiness within the family unit. According to Hartline (2007), Satir found that each individual can improve their lives and relationships with others by changing the way the y forgather and express themselves. She believed that a family puts the plunk on one family member for its pain and problems but blame can usu every(prenominal)y be put upon all members of the family (Hartline, 2007). According to Satir, families will keep abreast to see that change in how their household interacts can occur and with that change self-esteem will increase, all family members will become more responsible and all family members will be able to synchronize (Banmen, J. & Banmen K.M., n.d.). To help make this change happen, the family must be able to dwell in a loving atmosphere, they rent to have a sense of trust with each other, they must believe that change can happen, and they must be able to meet each other center(a) throughout the process of change (Hartline, 2007). To help families to m... ...e subject thats being discussed. Super reasonable communication is unemotional and there is a strong deficiency for despotic of themselves and others. This is al so known as the know it all and make others feel incompetent style of communication. The fifth communication pattern is congruent communication. A person who communicates congruently shares their thoughts and emotions about themselves without projecting them onto others and avoids manipulation (Caflisch, n.d.). What is important here is that congruent communication allows for the development of self worth and this is the ultimate goal of the growth model. Virginia Satirs theory and models have provided families and individuals with helpful and invaluable knowledge on how we can successfully make changes and taught us how we can benefit from change and gives us cortical potential on how we can improve our lives. Essay -- Virginia Satir was a key participant in the development of family systems theory. She was the developer of Conjoint family therapy, the Change Process model and the Communication model of family therapy. One of her core beliefs was that growth, ch ange and understanding can be achieved to help people reach their full potential. She believed that she could help families to improve their relationships and communication exchanges (Caflisch, n.d.). All families have a certain way that they function with each other and have a set way of how they solve problems together. However, some families may find themselves unable to successfully overcome any problems that may occur as well as have difficulties in properly communicating with each other. This occurrence can cause dysfunction and unhappiness within the family unit. According to Hartline (2007), Satir found that each person can improve their lives and relationships with others by changing the way they see and express themselves. She believed that a family puts the blame on one family member for its pain and problems but blame can usually be put upon all members of the family (Hartline, 2007). According to Satir, families will come to see that change in how their household interacts can occur and with that change self-esteem will increase, all family members will become more responsible and all family members will be able to synchronize (Banmen, J. & Banmen K.M., n.d.). To help make this change happen, the family must be able to dwell in a loving atmosphere, they need to have a sense of trust with each other, they must believe that change can happen, and they must be able to meet each other halfway throughout the process of change (Hartline, 2007). To help families to m... ...e subject thats being discussed. Super reasonable communication is unemotional and there is a strong need for controlling of themselves and others. This is also known as the know it all and make others feel incompetent style of communication. The fifth communication pattern is congruent communication. A person who communicates congruently shares their thoughts and emotions about themselves without projecting them onto others and avoids manipulation (Caflisch, n.d.). What is important here is that congruent communication allows for the development of self worth and this is the ultimate goal of the growth model. Virginia Satirs theory and models have provided families and individuals with helpful and invaluable knowledge on how we can successfully make changes and taught us how we can benefit from change and gives us insight on how we can improve our lives.

Essay --

458 Russell Senate Office BuildingWashington DC, 2051012/9/2013Dear Senator Bennet,Being a senator of Colorado, and a representative of the race, you have the duty to listen to what people have to say. There are many concerns that should be taken more seriously than others and should be brought to the Senates attention. some people are concerned about the unfair and convoluted income task laws in our country that can be easily eliminated with the application of a bland value on income.With the tax rate that is in effect right now, there are so many flaws and loop holes that the system is easily manipulated. The risque do not conciliate their fair share of taxes, because they have found ways to avoid them. The middle class looks for ways around paying taxes through things like tax breaks. And the poor ends up paying fewer taxes then what they wind up getting back in the end, giving them no bonus to make a lot of money. If a person works hard and gets a raise that will put him in a higher tax bracket, he could actu all in ally be making less money with the raise. Also, the government constantly looks for new ways to tax in order to pay for education, military, wellness care, and more. To consider whats right and whats wrong, compare sales tax and income tax. Say the sales tax in your state is 10%. Your taxable amount is the total of all that you purchase. You go to the store and by something for $20, you will pay 10%, or $2 tax. Say you buy 2 of the same thing, $40 total you pay $4 in tax. Then you buy a candy bar for a $1, and use a dime to pay the tax. Nobody likes the 10% sales tax, but nobody complains they all paid their fair share. This is how flat tax works, everyone pays the same rate.If sales tax were like income tax, first, ... ... This reform will decrease tax evasion, and encourage people to meet their obligations to the state.Flat tax has been proven many times over to be fair, and should be implemented. Simplifying the tax code is benefic ial to people and government. So why are our litigators avoiding this solution? Please consider this proposal, it is what this country needs.Sincerely, Evan HuncharCitationsDebating the Pros and Cons of a Flat impose. US News. U.S.News & World Report, 03 May 2010. Web. 9 Dec. 2013.Mitchell, Daniel. Eliminate Tax Brackets and Complicated Forms With a Flat Tax. US News. U.S.News & World Report, 12 Apr. 2010. Web. 8 Dec. 2013.Tax Day 2011 -- We Need a Flat Tax More Than Ever. throw off News. FOX News Network, n.d. Web. 8 Dec. 2013.Ulbrich, Holley. Flat Tax Is Class Warfare. US News. U.S.News & World Report, 12 Apr. 2010. Web. 9 Dec. 2013.

I Hope to Explain the Birth of Our Universe :: Graduate Admissions Essays

I Hope to Explain the Birth of Our Universe. Since childhood, the studies of philosophy and science have interested me profoundly. Having read many books on relativity, quantum mechanics, existentialism, religion, capitalism, democracy and post-Aristotelian philosophy, my quest for companionship has only intensified. Certainly, the purpose of my life is to discover a greater understanding of the universe and its people. Specifically, I plan to better grasp the interrelationship among forces, matter, blank space, and time. In addition, I hope to visualise a unified field theory and a convincing explanation for the birth of the universe. During the summer of tenth grade, I took a human body theory course at Johns Hopkins University with educatees from Alaska, California, and Bogota, Colombia. My attendance of the New Jersey Governors School in the Sciences is anformer(a) accomplishment that exemplifies my dedication to knowledge. During the summer following eleventh grade, I t ook courses in molecular orbital theory, special relativity, cognitive psychology, and I participated in an astrophysics research project. For my independent research project, I used a telescope to find the angular velocity of Pluto. With the angular velocity determined, I used Einsteins field equations and Keplers laws to place an upper bound on the magnitude of the cosmological constant, which describes the curvature of space and the rate of the universes expansion. In addition to learning science, I recently lectured physics classes on special relativity at the request of my physics teacher. After talk one class for 45 minutes, one student bought many books on both general and special relativity to read during his study hall. Inspiring other students to search for knowledge kindles my own quest to understand the world and the people around me. Also, as president of the National Honor Society, I tutor students with difficulties in various subject areas. Moreover, I am ranked n umber one in my class, and I am the leading member of the Math Team, the Academic Team, and the determine Congress Team. In the area of leadership, I have recently received the Rotary Youth Leadership Award from a local rotary nine-spot and have been asked to attend the National Youth Leadership Forum on Law and the Constitution in Washington D.C. Currently enrolled in Spanish 6,I am a member of both the Spanish Club and the Spanish Honor Society. As student council president, I have begun a biweekly publication of student council activities and opinions.

just war Essay -- essays research papers fc

One of the oldest traditions in religious ethics is that of the save war. The "Just War Theory" specifies under which conditions war is just. Opposition based on the Just War Theory differs from that of pacifists. Oppositionists oppose particular wars but not all war. Their opposition is based on principals of justice rather than principles of pacifism (Becker 926). In the monotheistic religious traditions of Christianity and Islam, one role of paragon (or Allah) is to limit or control aggressions among humankind. In these religious traditions, beau ideal establishes an ideal or standard for the righteous use of absorb by followers of the faith. These standards, or just war traditions, address details of when to use force to solve disputes, to what extent the force should be employed, and whose blessing is required to insure that the use of force is appropriate in the eyes of God. If a situation satisfies the just war tradition in that culture and the aggression is carr ied out for religious reasons, the action can be further classified as holy war. umteen Americans connect the concept of holy war only with Islam. In fact the Christian crusades during the middle ages were just such a holy war organism waged by Christians against Muslims. Whether a particular situation qualifies as a holy war or not, the focus of the just war tradition is to ask God for approval. Appeals to holy war or religious crusade in one or another tradition are one type of appeal to forebode authority regarding the use of force. In recent history numerous conflicts, border skirmishes, battles and wars have arisen in which governments have decided to apply military force to varying degrees. Inevitably, politicians, policy-makers, religious and military leaders seek divine authority on which to base the struggle of their population and the loss of life. Have religious ethical set or theological aspects of the just war tradition influenced the nature of these military actions ? Have the prevailing religious values kept military actions any more(prenominal) humane than they might otherwise have been? This paper will examine the theological roots of the just war tradition in the Christian and Muslim cultures. In addition, it will try to ascertain how religious ethics, and the just war tradition in particular, has been used between the war on terror and the joined States. Finally, this paper will dem... ... Weigel, George. Minneapolis,      Minnesota Greenhaven Press, 1978. Encyclopedia of Islam. Esposito, John L. modernistic York International Union of      Academies, 1960. Exploring the Christian Faith. Packer, J.I., Osborn, Grant R., Brown, Colin. Nashville, Tennessee Lion Publishing, 1996.Just War and Jihad, Historical and speculative Perspectives on War and Peace in      Western and Islamic Traditions. Kelsay, John & Johnson, James Turner.      Westport, Connecticut Greenwood Press, 1991.Living Religions. Glasse, Cyril. Oxford University Press, 1995. Fisher, Mary Pat. 4th      Ed. Upper lodge River, New Jersey Prentice Hall, 1999. The Christian Theology Reader. McGrath, Alister E. Malden, Ma & Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing, Ltd. 1995, 2001.Pacifism. Encyclopedia of Ethics. Ed. Becker, Lawrence C. New York & London      Garland Publishing, INC. 1992.War and Peace. Encyclopedia of Ethics. Ed. Becker, Lawrence C. New York &      London Garland Publishing, INC. 1992.

Relationships :: essays research papers

I. IntroductionLast fall, 700,000 men gathered at our nations Capital to focus on mending relationships. Their goals were to suffice men end adulterous behavior, quit abusing and neglecting the women and children in their lives, and renew their promises to their families. Knowing this, it is hard to understand why this rally would be seen as a holy terror rather than honorable. Imagine 700,000 men acknowledging the areas in which theyve failed and wanting to take responsibility for their actions. My father was one of these men. Knowing him in the capacity that I do, anything or anyone that sack up make him acknowledge his imperfections is to be admired Now why am I telling you this? why does it matter? People perceived these men as a threat. They were neither welcomed nor respected for taking a stand in what they felt was important. This matters because Conservative Christian thinkers are forced to face this type of nifty judgement daily.II. One article that I read pertaining to the Promise Keeper gathering was titled "Invasion of the Promise Keepers." (a) I found this rather ironic. Why would men eager to finally take responsibility be seen as "invading?" As a wo humanity, I would rather be with a man who openly admitted that he wasnt always right and who respected and honored me, than to be with a man who did not.(b) Evidently, however, not all women want to be appreciated. Many openly condemned them for their attempts. Protestors of both genders greeted these men with the phrase "racist, sexist, homophobe, go home."III. In an issue of Time, one reporter addresses this type of religious discrimination. He states that "the fight is not so practically over what people ought to believe it is over what they can say, and where, and to whom." He then goes on to give the following examples(a) The Pennsylvania Supreme Court threw out the judgment of conviction of a murderer who killed a 70-year-old woman with an ax because the p rosecuting attorney cited Biblical law in requesting the death penalty.(b) In Decateur, IL, an elementary, public school teacher demanded that her seven-year-old students go after out the word "God" printed in their phonics book.(c) In Oak Park, IL, a private Catholic hospital was not allowed to erect a cross because it could potentially offend some the towns residents.IV. As one who has experienced this particular type of discrimination, I have often wondered why someone would form a public opinion of disgust with such a large, diverse group of people.

Relationships :: essays research papers

I. IntroductionLast fall, 700,000 hands gathered at our nations Capital to focus on mending relationships. Their goals were to help men end cheating(a) behavior, quit abusing and neglecting the women and children in their lives, and renew their promises to their families. Knowing this, it is hard to understand why this rally would be seen as a threat rather than honorable. Imagine 700,000 men acknowledging the areas in which theyve failed and wanting to take responsibility for their actions. My father was one of these men. Knowing him in the capacity that I do, anything or anyone that can make him acknowledge his imperfections is to be admired Now why am I telling you this? Why does it matter? People perceived these men as a threat. They were neither welcomed nor respected for taking a stand in what they felt was important. This matters because Conservative Christian thinkers are forced to face this type of discriminating judgement daily.II. One term that I read pertaining to th e Promise Keeper gathering was titled "Invasion of the Promise Keepers." (a) I found this rather ironic. Why would men eager to lastly take responsibility be seen as "invading?" As a woman, I would rather be with a man who openly admitted that he wasnt eer right and who respected and honored me, than to be with a man who did not.(b) Evidently, however, not all women want to be appreciated. Many openly condemned them for their attempts. Protestors of both genders greeted these men with the evince "racist, sexist, homophobe, go home."III. In an issue of Time, one reporter addresses this type of religious discrimination. He states that "the fight is not so much over what people ought to weigh it is over what they can say, and where, and to whom." He then goes on to give the following examples(a) The Pennsylvania Supreme Court threw out the sentence of a murderer who killed a 70-year-old woman with an ax because the prosecuting attorney cited Biblical law in requesting the death penalty.(b) In Decateur, IL, an elementary, public school teacher demanded that her seven-year-old students mark out the word " theology" printed in their phonics book.(c) In Oak Park, IL, a private Catholic hospital was not allowed to erect a cross because it could potentially offend some the towns residents.IV. As one who has experienced this particular type of discrimination, I have often wondered why someone would form a general opinion of disgust with such a large, diverse group of people.

Life and Debt Response

Life and Debt Response Paper Taylor Sun 9/29/2011 St. Johns University globalization has been a contr everyplacesial topic for decades followed by the industrialization. The debate of whether it is positive or negative for the human race has caused much divergence, consequently leading to vast conflicts amongst different cultures, nations, and peoples. Although globalization brought convenience to the lives of a few on a daily basis in the alter countries, it also brought about world strength monopolies controlling the trade system, exploitation of workers in developing countries, and victimizing the societies that atomic number 18 un qualified to self sustain.In the 21st century, signs of globalization are everywhere, in both industrialized and developing countries. When you take a sip into that freshly picked coconut brought home from a local supermarket, do you think of the farmers in Malaysia that had grown the tree, the Japanese operated transportation company that had flow n the cargo to the United States, or the American manufacture company that had packaged the delicious fruit, and had delivered it to the supermarket near you for your convenience?Or, every time you get establish and put on your brand new sneakers that you had just purchased from a department store do you think of the shoelaces made in Mexico, sowed together in the sweatshops in China, and the British founded brand that designed your sneakers? My guess is no. We as the privileged ones do not recognize these traces of globalization anymore in our quotidian lives, because we are so accustomed to the way of life made possible by globalization.However, the less fortunate ones in the other parts of the world struggle everyday to make ends meet without enjoying the benefits of globalization, but rather they are the majority that are sacrificed in the process of making the lives of a few effortless and comfortable. Before display the film Life and Debt, like most people, I had never real ly thought about the pros and cons of globalization either, but after watching this documentary, I was stupefy at how globalization can affect peoples lives in such a negative way.In the film, large corporations and organizations such as the domain Trade Organization and the human race Bank act as antagonists for the Jamaican economy and its people. Take World Bank for example idealistically, debt assistance would be disposed(p) to the low profits countries by the World Bank. It is countries like Jamaica that the World Bank should have a fundamental position to engage in recreation by operative with administrations, and guaranteeing a strong authority and control. If these programs are not carried out, attracting overseas and domestic investment would be more complicated and difficult therefore, globalization would set on itself.But is that really the case? According to the documentary, Jamaica currently owes more than $4. 5 billion to the IMF, the World Bank, the Inter-Ameri can Development Bank, and many an(prenominal) other leading lend companies in the world. The significant advance that these loans have set out to accomplish has not yet, and probably never would deliver its purpose. In the film, the World Bank has been pictured as a deceiving and misleading world power, dominating the world economy with almost absolute control.Because Jamaica needed the loan so urgently from the lending agencies, that the agencies were able to negotiate a mutually beneficial relationship with the Jamaican government. Jamaica had no choice but to settle and come to terms with the new deal that the World Bank has offered. The deal was of high interest, too high of an interest to be paid off by just relying on the Jamaican economys exchanges. It is also of low wages for workers in hope to increase the employment rate, too low of wages to make ends meet for these workers.This almost forces the Jamaican government to turn to foreign trades to barely attain its income. This situation also gave opportunities to the large companies to exploit the workers with less than minimum wages. If the people are in poverty attempt to put food on the table, how can there be peace and prosperity? Poverty and violence almost always come in pairs. expeditious legal systems and a healthy financial system are crucial to the success of a nation and its economy. If Jamaica doesnt get out of the debt crisis somehow, it can never advance into a prosperous nation.The World Trade Organization plays another key role in this phenomenon that is not only taking place in Jamaica, but also occurring in many other countries in development. It has almost become a global government in the finger of regulating the full worlds traffic systems, controlling the wealth travelling in and out of countries. In order for the Jamaicans to change this system of invisible power over their now independent country, Jamaica must earn the majority of the vote in the World Trade Organization to gain permission to alter the balance of the trading system.The majority of the votes are held in European nations whom are benefiting from the devastating situation of the Jamaicans. The percentage of votes each country hold are determined by the strike and size of its economy. The United States being the largest economy in the world holds as many as 17% of entire worlds votes, making it the iodin largest vote holder. Japan comes in second, followed by Germany being third. This is going to be a never ending cycle that the Jamaicans wont ever be able to get out of without some kind of policy change or outside assistance.With this situation, Jamaica became a nation forever cast in the shadows of debt. Without denying its contributions, globalization has brought the world ruin access to goods that were not even imaginable before its existence. It brought competition to the market therefore decreasing the price for consumers. It gave numerous opportunities for business to spread out and brought wealth and prosperity to many nations. It is the beginning form of a new world order for humanity to progress and advance as a champion subject. As we all know, no plan is perfect. In the process of executing this ideal of globalization, many nations are sabotaged as well.Poverty, violence, corruption, unemployment, large disparity between the rich people and poor, and underdevelopment of education and health care systems are the defects of globalization just to name a few. Although injustice and inequality almost come mickle in hand with the practice of globalization, but can we really abolish it at once? From a morality stand point, globalization is no different from owning slaves in the sense of forcing less privileged people from developing countries to work for large monopolies, with disproportionate wages for the workers in contrast to the profit that these ompanies generate. But I believe from the base of the advancement of the human civilization, globaliza tion is inevitable. Without globalization, the human race cannot advance as a whole therefore, slowing down the development process of humanity. We might not think of this matter this way, but globalization has only been in the existence of the entire human history for a very brief period thus, the complex body part of this global system has not yet fully organized itself to prevent any defects in its practice.A perfect example is the more micro Chinese economy in terms of the macro instruction globalization. As we all know, China has been one of the fastest growing countries in terms of finance and economy. There were many loopholes within the government regulations for businesses in comparison to already developed nations such as the United States and Great Britain in the past years, providing opportunities to cheat the system resulting in a generation of overnight millionaires. With the realization of this situation, there have been changes made to prevent this from happening a ny further.If one nation is able to adapt and coif its system to improved and recover from the flaws, why cant the World Trade Organization change its ways to come up with a better arrangement and structure to eliminate the injustice and immoralities? Globalization has brought many things to the table for everyone, both negative and positive. We human beings need to focus more on the macro result of globalization rather than the relatively micro side effects of this phenomenon.I believe with the passing of time and the recognition and understanding of the issues of this matter, we will be able to modify and progress our ways to recover and prevent future occurrences of the problems we face today. Globalization will not always be what we know of it in todays society. In time, it will eliminate its flaws and achieve its ultimate goal of uniting people of different backgrounds, cultures, and nations into one group of people working towards a better tomorrow.

Explain Kant’s Moral Argument

Explain Kants Moral Argument Kants moral argument focuses on reason, good will, duty and the notion that we ought to strive towards moral apotheosis (Summum Bonum). He believes that people are ruled by a moral law. This moral law for Kant was universal and objective. An example of this might be seen in the wide scale agreement that murder or torture is slander. There seems to be agreement across cultures that certain actions are intrinsically wrong. This, for Kant, suggests that there is a universal objective moral law.He believed that the highest form of goodness was the notion of good will, namely that someone would freely choose to do good for no come back whatsoever, only for the sake of goodness. Moreover, Kant believed that we withstand a moral duty to do such good things. He would argue that we have an awareness of what is right and wrong and that good will should make us act accordingly as reason dictates this to be the case. In a way it doesnt make every rational sense t o act in an immoral way.Duty was seen by Kant as a way of fulfilling this end without being misguided by emotion or factors of mortalal gain. It is here that we come to a key point in Kants argument, namely the notion of ought implies can. He believed that we can only have a duty to do something that we can do. For example, I cannot have a duty to fly unaided as it is not something that I can do or if I were to come across someone drowning in a lake but could not swim Kant would suggest that I would not have a duty to jump in and save them.My duty in the latter case would be to find someone who could swim so I would choose to raise the alarm. If I can choose to do the good (using reason, good will and duty) in one case then I should be fit to do this in every case, moreover that I have a duty to achieve this moral perfection. Kant called this moral perfection the Summum Bonum. He argued that the Summum Bonum was a narrate of moral perfection existing coincidently with perfect ha ppiness. For Kant, the problem for human beings acting morally was that it did not lead to happiness.I could be the most moral person in the world yet personal tragedy could befall me, while another individual may lead an immoral life and be clever in some way. This would appear to make the world unfair and would potentially discourage us from acting morally at all. Kant believed that we must have a duty to achieve the Summum Bonum and because it was not achievable in this lifetime that we must be able to achieve this in the next life. Kant does not see this as proof of Gods xistence only that it hints towards their being a higher being such as God who gives humans this sense of duty, and gives us the first to act morally in order to achieve perfection. The conclusion of Kants moral argument is that God must exist as a enquire of practical reason. Without the existence of God we cannot have the afterlife and we would not be able to fulfil our obligation of reaching the Summum Bon um. Therefore God is necessary to secure fairness in the universe and provide the exact coincidence of moral perfection and perfect happiness known as the Summum Bonum.

School Based Dental Sealant Programs Health And Social Care Essay

School based alveolar harmonised sealer plans have been spread outing throughout naturalises in the United States. These plans benefit the minors in forestalling disease and at any rate profit the health care system. So why is it that so much attending is being brought to sealing cavity and cracks in school aged kids? We will research alveolar sealers, school based plans, and how these plans benefit the professional universe of health care.Body 1Sealants do non extinguish cavities provided aid to protect the dentition from developing cavities. ( Gooch et al. , 2009 ) . Dental sealers can be compared to a plastic like surfacing which bonds to the occlusal surface ( Tomar, & A Reeves, 2009 ) . Sealants should be utilise before the patient is at back for sing alveolar consonant cavities ( Aleksejuniene et al. , 2010 ) .When puting a sealer many things must be taking into consideration, including location, eruption position, and cavity and crack cocaine morphology. Newly er upted, immature tooth enamel is susceptible to cavities because the enamel is more permeable and has a really postgraduate organic content degree. It is critical to protect new erupted dentition because it increases the overall length of service of the tooth ( Aleksejuniene et al. , 2010 ) . Dental cavities unremarkably form in topographic points where plaque has lingered for an drawn-out sum of clip ( Fontana et al. , 2010 ) . About 90 per centum of cavities in kids are found in cavities and crevices of lasting posterior dentitions with grinders being the most susceptible ( Gooch et al. , 2009 ) .Although sealers are normally effectual at forestalling dental cavities sometimes things go incorrect with sealant arrangement and do the sealers to neglect. Sealants fail on different surfaces of the dentition and besides increase with multiple sealers ( Aleksejuniene et al. , 2010 ) . Sound and noncavititizd cavities and crevice surfaces are normally sealed with more importance placed on the posterior dentition ( Gooch et al. , 2009 ) . The success rate on the lasting first grinders is higher(prenominal) than compared to the 2nd grinders. Mandibular dentitions and mesial sites retained sealers better than maxillary dentitions and distal surfaces. The most common ground for sealant failure is taint of the sealant earth with spit. Other factors besides contribute to sealant keeping including experience of the clinician and the cooperation of the client.Puting a dental sealer over cavities is a better option than dental slue or extraction. ( Aleksejuniene et al. , 2010 ) . If non restored, dental cavities will take to trouble, infection and perchance impaired map ( Tomar, & A Reeves, 2009 ) . Children are non placed at a higher hazard for cavities if they missed a planned reapplication of the sealers. Sealant arrangement can be reversible if postulate and allows for the tooth doctor to put Restorations on the tooth if necessary ( Gooch et al. , 2009 ) .Body 2Th e benefits of puting sealers on dentitions have been established, so how is the United States implementing this School Based Sealant Programs are by and large aimed toward low income kids. Child from lower income house fight downs are slight likely to have alveolar consonant attention when compared with higher income households ( Aleksejuniene et al. , 2010 ) . Families below the federal poorness threshold are twice every bit likely to develop cavities as kids whose households are above the federal poorness threshold. Children from lower income households typically consume cariogenic diets, have low fluoride consumption, have histories of old cavities and besides strange dental visits ( Aleksejuniene et al. , 2010 ) . Merely about 20 per centum of kids from low income households have received sealers as compared to forty per centum in higher income households ( Gooch et al. , 2009 ) . Targeting specific races or degrees of income can be considered favoritism. Programs must measur e which kids do non have regular alveolar consonant attention and integrate these plans to aim these populations ( Siegal, & A Detty, 2010 ) .When implementing school based dental sealant plans cost must be taken into consideration ( Aleksejuniene et al. , 2010 ) . It is more effectual and cost conservative to aim populations instead than single kids. Most plans do non hold the support to seal all posterior dentitions, therefore operators must measure the dentitions and determine which teeth are at highest hazard. Programs typically target kids who are in first class to seal first grinders and 6th class to seal 2nd grinders ( Siegal, & A Detty, 2010 ) . The operator so must utilize selective sealer applications. The ratio of Restoration to sealant cost is 121, which means overall it is cheaper to put sealers than to put Restorations in the dentition ( Aleksejuniene et al. , 2010 ) .School based alveolar consonant sealant plans tend to aim populations that are at the highest hazard for dental cavities. The most common manner used to find which populations are at high hazard is finding the per centum of pupils who are enrolled in the free or decreased m onenesstary value repast plans. Parents of kids in these schools are normally asked to make near out studies in which the followers is reported whether the kid is enrolled in a free or decreased meal plan, if the childaaa?s chief ancestry of attention is through Medicaid, or if they are uninsured. Planners so use these studies to measure which schools have kids at higher hazards ( Siegal, & A Detty, 2010 ) . Although the operator accesses each single kid the cavities risk appraisal is done at a group degree ( Fontana et al. , 2010 ) . Parental consent is needed in order to supply the kid with sealers. time of ratings of the keeping of the sealers depends on many factors including the plan aims, alterations in dental stuffs and techniques, and motion of pupils. It has been found that sealers cut down dental c avities by 70 eight per centum one twelvemonth after arrangement and 50 nine per centum after four or more old ages. School based dental sealers are serving of a comprehensive attack to cut down the communityaaa?s hazard of kids developing cavities ( Gooch et al. , 2009 ) .Body 3Through school based dental sealant plans kids receive the benefits of having the sealers while pupils deriving cognition, compassion, and understanding from the experience. These plans provide kids with needed attention that they otherwise would non be able to have. Though these larning experience pupils will normally go advocators for school based dental sealers in more schools in their local countries or hometowns ( Aleksejuniene et al. , 2010 ) . Programs such as the school- based dental sealant plans besides help pupils to understand dental wellness disparities. These plans besides help pupils in being comfy functioning many diverse populations & A have been shown to positively act upon the studentaaa ?s attitude towards community service ( Holtzman, & A Seirawan, 2009 ) .Four handed dental medicine is frequently required, giving the pupils the chance to clobber together and derive apprehensions from each other ( Gooch et al. , 2009 ) . Students work in squads in connexion with the instructors to measure the demands of the patients and this helps to develop communicating between health care suppliers. In add-on to supplying school based dental sealers pupils should experience a duty to educate both kids and grownups in proper unwritten wellness attention. In the 2007 financial twelvemonth, eighty five per centum of describing provinces have a dental sealant plan in topographic point. The figure of kids being served by these plans has about forked from 2000 to 2007 ( Holtzman, & A Seirawan, 2009 ) .DecisionThe enlargement of school based dental sealers has been on the rise in the United States. With progresss kids are able to have the basic attentions needed in order to assist them better protect their dentitions. It is promoting to see the figure of kids profiting from these plans continues to lift. The benefits of cavity and crevice sealers in kids have been proven to be a stop attack to dentistry. As these plans continue to develop every bit good as become educated. As people continue to go more sure of the benefits funding for these plans in schools will go on to lift. Sealants will assist to relieve childrenaaa?s emphasiss about sing the tooth doctors.

To What Extent Did Lenin Establish Communism in Russia Fro 1920-1924?

To what extent did Lenin establish Communism in Russia from 1920-1924? From an early age, Lenin opposed the Romanov autocratic regime, even more so following(a) the execution of his brother for the assassination of Tsar Alexander III. Lenin was an avid follower of the writings of Karl Marx and believed communism was the way forward. He believed that everything should be owned by the government activity and then distributed evenly amongst the people. During the February 1917 revolution in Russia, Lenin was in exile. He knew his right-hand man Trotsky would tell him when the time was right to come back to Russia.The end of the February diversity led to the end of the Romanov dynasty and to the Provisional Government under Lvov and Kerensky. It also meant the return of Lenin. By October 1917, he felt the time was right for a Bolshevik revolution. It was comparatively bloodless and Lenin assumed the responsibility of governing Russia. Between 1920 and 1924, Lenin and the Bolsheviks at tempted to shape the destiny of Russia and establish communism. He said, History will never forgive us if we do non assume power now.Having taking over Russia, Lenin now had the challenge of holding on to power. The first thing he did was site a decree on land. This meant that peasants were allowed take over private land. Therefore, landlords werent very happy about this. He also abolished the Assembly. Lenin believed in a virtuoso party dictatorship and this step was necessary for it to happen. It was at this time that the Bolsheviks became known as commies. In an attempt to make all people equal, everyone was to be turn to at Comrade. Lenins next step now was to make peace.The slogan of the communists was Peace, bread, land. From fighting in World War I, Russia was on the landmark of bankruptcy. Lenin knew something had to be done. The Russians were losing battle after battle and the country couldnt take any more of it. Also, the army was in disarray. Soldiers were losing hea rt and most of them were killed. Lenin realised this had to be stopped. He was pragmatic and knew the country couldnt take it much longer. Therefore, Lenin signed a peace agreement with Germany. This was known as the Brest-Litovsk Treaty or The sinister Treaty.Although it obtained peace in Russia, it involved in the country losing a quarter of its land and population, eighty per cent of its coal mines and thirty three per cent of it work land and manufacturing industry. Lenin insisted the survival of the communist regime depended on it Lenin however was faced with opposition, collectively known as the Whites. These included a disarray of groups such as social revolutionaries, supporters of the Provisional Government, landlords, tsarist supporters and many more. This gave rise to a civil war in Russia. The war was the Reds vs. he Whites. The Reds had many more prefers than the Whites. The Red array were under Trotsky, a very skilled military tactician. The Reds were being attacke d from every direction by the Whites with the help of the Allied Powers. However, the Reds greatest threat was Pilsudski and his Polish army. This was the completely battle were Lenin had peace negotiations and were he lost some of Russian territory. As time passed, Allied support lessened. This was a big disadvantage for the Whites. The Reds had another advantage over the Whites, they were more united.The Whites had many different groups who wanted and fought for different things so it didnt work in their favour. One further advantage for the Reds was that they were located in central Russia, which was capable of being defended. This ended in victory for the Reds. During the civil war, Lenin took control of economic and political problems. He followed a constitution of War Communism. This policy saw Lenin ensure that all industry and agriculture within the Communist controlled territory was geared solely towards the war effort.All of the surplus crops that were grown by the farme rs were segregationed by the government and distributed between the workers and soldiers. Food detachments were sent to the countryside to get the food. This was very unpopular with the farmers. They began to cut back in grain production so eventually, Russia experienced a famine. An estimation of between five and seven million people died due to hunger. The Red Terror was set up by the Cheka. The Cheka were a secret practice of law force set up to arrest and execute people who they believed opposed Lenin and the Communists.Any opposition to Lenin was dealt with legalised acts of brutality. It was a systematic terror designed to ensure the continuation of Communist rule. The Kronstadt Rising gave the Cheka a great opportunity to put down the revolt. The naval soldiers that were involved were brutally treated and were easily defeated. Following the end of the Civil War, Lenin knew that channel needed to be made. He ended War Communism and brought in the New Economic Policy. There was serious discontent which undermined support for Communism.The NEP ended the requisition of food from the peasants, peasants were now allowed to sell their surplus for profit and private enterprise was allowed in small factories. Although many of these terms were contrary to Communist beliefs, Lenin said that we moldiness take a step backwards in order to go two steps forward at a later date. Although Lenin did not live to see the full effects of the New Economic Policy, he had a great effect on the Russians and established the first ever Communist state. Lenin took many steps in order for Russia to become a Communist state.

Personality and Ability Essay

1) What determines our somebody characteristics? In other words, is record and ability determined by our genes, our environment, or some combine of both? a. What percentage of our personality is determined by our genes? 35 -49% b. What percentage of our ability is determined by our genes? 60%2) What argon the different taxonomies for classifying an individuals personality? a. The Big Five This taxonomy consists of five traits Conscientiousness, Agree subject-bodiedness, Neuroticism, b arness to Experience, and Extraversion. It reliably measures personality traits and validly count ons many job outcomes. b. The Myers-Briggs Type Inventory This taxonomy is one of the most popular. Unfortunately, it is non very reliable (take it once and you cogency be classified as an ESTJ, take it again and you exponent be classified as an ISFP). It also isnt very valid. Why isnt it valid? Well, for one, it isnt reliable. (And remember, reliability is a precursor for validity). For another , it doesnt really separate well from bad performers. This scale is not commonly used for selection or promotion purposes, but it is commonly used for squadbuilding purposesWe both take the test, then we say, Wow, look at me. Im an ESTJIm such an extraverted senser. What be you? An ISFJ? Oh thats so cool. We are both senser and judgers. Lets be good squadmates now. c. Hollands RIASEC imitate (named after a dude, not the region of the Netherlands). This taxonomy is used to guide people into career fieldsnot much else. So, the main takea course here is that on the question that asks, Which taxonomy is best for making selection and promotion decisions? Choose the Big Five.3) The Big Fivea. What are the Big Five?Conscientiousness dependable, organized, methodical, reliable, persevering, ambitious, NOT careless, sloppy, inefficient, negligent, inactive and irresponsible Agreeableness kind, cooperative, sympathetic, helpful, courteous, warm, not critical, not antagonistic, not callo us, not selfish, not rude and cold Neuroticism nervous, moody, stirred up, insecure, jealous, unstable NOT calm, steady, relaxed, at ease, secure, contented Openness curious, imaginative, creative, complex, refined, sophisticated, NOTuninquisitive, conventional, conforming, simple, inartistic, traditional Extraversion talkative, sociable, passionate, bold, dominant NOT quiet, shy, inhibited, bashful, reserved, submissiveb. Which two traits cry chore cognitive operation across nearly all jobs? Conscientious and neuroticismc. In what types of jobs are the other three traits valid predict of caper performance? Agreeableness=service jobs, extraversion=sales or deceaseership, openness= acquired. How does the strength of the situation impact the grad to which personality predicts labour performance?4) In class, we talked most personality testing. Each student completed a personality survey under (a) an honest condition and (b) a simulated job application condition.a. Was there evidence that faking was a problem?b. What are different techniques for alleviating faking on personality tests? Proactive measuresUse forced-choice inventories where appli stick outts have to decide mingled with equally desirable options (e.g., which adjective best describes you ambitious or helpful?) Use conditional reasoning tests (rather than ask about your personality, ask questions then infer your personality based on your responses) Warn applicants not to fakeRequire applicants to elaborate on their responsesReactive measuresMeasure response timesInclude items designed to catch fakersc. Were we able to eliminate faking?5) In global, what is the best individual characteristic (out of our personality traits and abilities) for predicting lying-in performance?a. What about if we are trying to predict an individuals typical proletariat performance? Motivationb. What about if we are trying to predict an individuals maximal assign performance? Ability6) What characteristic of t he job impacts the blood between cognitive ability and task performance? When is the relationship stronger and when is the relationship weaker? One of the best predictor of job performance. Gold standard in terms of individual difference predictors. Research evidence for the validity of general mental ability measures for predicting job performance is stronger than for any other method. Significantly undervalued by managersOn average, conscientiousness is a better predictor of employee performance than in reassureigence. 72% Increase organisational performance/profitability7) excited ability What are the dimensions of emotional ability? What do they mean? (If I give you an example, you should be able to promise me which dimension is being portrayed.) Self-awareness Appraisal and expression of emotions in oneself. The ability of an individual to understand the types of she is experiencing, the willingness to acknowledge them and the capability to express them naturally. Other awa reness assessment and recognition of emotion in others. Ability to recognize and understand the emotions that other people are feeling. Emotion regulation ability to recover quickly from emotional run acrosss. Use of emotions this capability reflects the degree to which people can harness emotions and employ them to improve their chances of being successful in whatever theyre seeking to.Groups and squads1. What is task mutuality?Team members interact with and rely on other squad members for the entropy, materials, and resources needed to accomplish work for the team.a. What are the different types of task interdependence?Pooled interdependence low task interdependence, easier to manage. Faster Sequential interdependence different tasks are done in a prescribed order the interaction only occurs between members who perform task that are next to each other in the sequence. The latter part sustain the task after former part. One way interaction. Reciprocal interdependence same se quential one but this is two way interaction. Comprehensive interdependence highest take of interaction and coordination among members. High quality output, fractious to manage, more conflict, social loafers or dominant members, moresimulate members, more catches errors, i. If I give you an example of a work team, you should be able to tell me what type work team they are (in terms of task interdependence). Work team, management team, parallel team, project team, action team ii. If I give you a type of work team (in terms of task interdependence), you should be able to tell me how their members interact iii. You should also be able to rank the task interdependence types in terms of the degree of coordination required. Comprehensive, reciprocal, sequential, pooled,b. How does increasing the degree of coordination required (aka increasing task interdependence) actuate impact gains? Teams have more (and more diverse) knowledge / skills / information than the individuals Teams are a ble to divide and conquer tasksTeams are better at catching errors than the individual who proposed the idea Teams are better at creating and enforcing production normsTeams might stimulate individuals to perform betterTeams might stimulate a sense of belongingnessMembers might learn knowledge / skills / information from other individuals in the team Members might positively impact others moods and emotions (emotional contagion)c. How does increasing the degree of coordination required (aka increasing task interdependence) print process losses? Coordination consumes time and energy that could have been devoted to the task Production blockingGroupthinkPressure to conform to the team and reluctance to criticize the comments of others Fear of negative evaluations from others may cause members to withhold ideas Some team members may exercise undue influence or monopolize the teams time Members may exert less effort when working on team tasks (social loafing) Members might negatively i mpact others moods and emotions (emotional contagion)2. What is goal interdependence?The degree to which team members have a shared goal and align theirindividual goals with that vision The more, the merrier.Increases strength for process gains, decreases potential for process lossesa. How does increasing goal interdependence affect process gains?b. How does increasing goal interdependence affect process losses?3. What is outcome independence?The degree to which team members share equally in the feedback and rewards that result from the team achieving its goals. a. How does increasing outcome interdependence affect process gains? Answer It depends on the situation. b. How does increasing outcome interdependence affect process losses? Answer It depends on the situation. High outcome interdependence Team members share in the rewards (pay, bonuses, feedback, recognition, etc.) that the team earns Advantages promotes cooperationLow outcome interdependence Individual members receive re wards based on individual performance regardless of team performance Advantages higher performing members prefer getting more rewards than rest.4. If task interdependence is high (or low), how should outcome interdependence be designed to maximize the ratio of process gains to process losses? . If task interdependence is high, it is commonly better to ensure that outcome interdependence is also high5. If outcome interdependence is high (or low), how should task interdependence be designed to maximize the ratio of process gains to process losses? If outcome interdependence is low, it is usually better to try to ensure that task interdependence is also low.6. What are some factors that make up a teams composition? Member roles, member ability, member personality, team diversity, team size7. What are the different team roles? If I explain a team role, you should be able to tell me whether it is a team task role, a team building role, or an individualistic role. a. What team roles gene rally benefit the team? What team role is generally negative? Whereas Task role and team building role benefit the team, individualistic roles are generally negative.8. What is the relationship between team cognitive ability and team performance? a. When is this relationship stronger?In general, a teams cognitive ability is a moderate-to-strong predictor ofteam performance. As the task becomes more complex, the strength of the relationship between a teams cognitive ability and its performance increases. 9. What is the best combination of team members in terms of a. Conscientiousness- variance is important, as well much is bad b. Extraversion-variance is important, too little variance can be bad c. Agreeableness- minimum is important, no members are too low.10. What is the impact of diversity on team outcomes? More specificallya. For which types of tasks is diversity generally good?1. The The task is complex and requires creativity2. attributes considered are related to knowledge and perspectives (ethnicity, expertise, personality, attitudes, etc.)b. For which types of tasks is homogeneity (the lack of diversity) good? Regular work, low task complexity, requires efficiencyc. What is surface-level diversity?Diversity regarding observable attributes such as race, sex, and age. i. How does it impact process losses over time?These process losses typically fade over timed. What is deep-level diversity?Diversity regarding attributes that are less easy to observe initially, but that can be inferred after more direct experience such as attitudes, values, and personality i. How does it impact process losses over time?These process losses usually increase over time11. What are task work processes?Creative behavior, decision making, boundary spanninga. In terms of decision making, why do some teams make bad decisions (i.e., what are the components that impart to poor team decisions)? Decision infirmity reflects whether members possess adequate information about their ow n task responsibilities. Staff validity is the degree to which members make a good recommendations to the attraction. Team members can possess all the information needed to make a valid recommendation but then fail to do so because of a lack of ability, insight or good judgment. Hierarchicalsensitivity is the degree to which the draw in effect(p)ly weighs the members recommendations.12. What are teamwork processes?a. If I describe behaviors and interactions within a team, you should be able to tell me whether these processes are transition, action, or interpersonal processes. Transition processes teamwork activities that focus on preparation for future work. Action processes monitoring come up toward goals. Teams that pay attention to goal related information are typically in a good position to realize when they are off cart track and need to make changes. Interpersonal processes motivating and confidence building, affect management, conflict management,b. Also, you should kno wi. When are transition processes most valuable to team success? ii. When are action processes most valuable to team success? iii. When are interpersonal processes most valuable to team success?13. What are team states?a. What is cohesion?Emotional attachment that tends to foster high levels of motivation and loyalty to the team. i. How does cohesion affect team outcomes?Tend to promote higher level of team performance.ii. What is groupthink?Feelings of overconfidence about the team capabilities.b. What is potency?Is the degree to which members believe that the team can be stiff across a variety of situations and tasks. i. How does potency affect team outcomes?When a team has a high potency, members are confident that their team can perform well. Vice versa. c. What are mental models?Level of common understanding among team members with regard to importantaspects of the team and its task. 14. How do teams develop over timea. according to the stagecoach Based sit of Team Developm ent?b. according to the Punctuated Equilibrium Model of Team Development?Leadership1. What is power?The ability to influence the behavior of others and resist unwanted influence in return. a. What are the different types of power? Personal, organizational i. What types are derived from a persons position within the organization? Legitimate power is derived from a position of authority inside the organization and is sometimes referred to as formal authority. Reward power, coercive powerii. What types are derived from factors other than formal authority? Personal power expert power, referent powerb. What are some hazard factors that influence whether or not a person has power? (If I describe a situation, you should be able to tell me what contingency is responsible for the persons power or lack of power). Power contingency factors situations in organizations that are likely to increase or decrease the degree to which leading can use their power to influence others. These include sub stitutability there are no substitutes for the rewards or resources the leader controls. Discretion the leader has the granting immunity to make his or her own decisions without being restrained by organizational rules. Centrality the leaders role is important and interdependent with others in the organization visibility others know about the leader and the resources he or she can provide.2. What are the different influence tactics? If I describe a situation, you should be able to tell me what influence tactic is being used. a. Which tactics are most effective?Rational persuasion, consultation, inspirational appeals, collaboration b. Which tactics are least effective? Pressure, coalitionsc. When trying to influence a superior, which tactic is most effective? Engagement3. What are the different responses to influence tactics?a. What influence tactics often lead to internalization/engagement vs. compliance vs. resistance? Engagement occurs when the target of influence agrees with and becomes committed to the influence pass Compliance occurs when targets of influence are willing to do what the leaders asks butthey do it with a degree of ambivalence. Resistance target refuses to perform the influence request. Influencer power is low relative to the target or request itself is unreasonable.4. What are the different conflict resolution techniques?a. What types of outcomes do we expect from the different techniques? Competing high assertiveness, low cooperation (win-lose)Avoiding low assertiveness, low cooperation (lose-lose)Accommodating low assertiveness, high cooperation (lose-win) collaboration high assertiveness, high cooperation (win-win) the best outcome Compromise moderate assertiveness, moderate cooperation (win-lose) easy and common 5. Trait theories of leada. Out of the Big Five and cognitive ability, which two traits are the strongest predictors of leader emergence? Conscientiousness and extraversion b. Out of the Big Five and cognitive ability, which trait is the strongest predictor of leader effectiveness? cognitive ability c. correspond to the trait theories of leadingi. What leadership outcome is best predicted by personality? leader emergence ii. What leadership outcome is best predicted by cognitive ability? Leader effectivenessd. Basic premise of trait vs. behavior theories If traits predict leadership, then organizations should invest in hiring people with general dispositions to be leaders. If not, then organizations should not focus on hiring the right people, but instead, should focus on training people to be good leaders. Research shows that both traits and behaviors predict leadership. So, organizations should focus on hiring people that are predisposed to be better leaders and then training these people how to be the best leaders they can be.6. Behavior theories of leadershipa. What are the two general categories of leader behaviors? If I describe a particular behavior, you should be able to tell me whether it is an example of reflexion or Initiating Structure. Initiating Structure the effect to which a leader is likely to define and structure his/her roles andthose of employees in the search for goal attainment Consideration the extent to which a person is likely to have job relationships that are characterized by mutual trust, respect for employees ideas, and regard for their feelings b. What outcomes do these leader behaviors predict? (You dont need to know which behaviors moderately are vs. strongly related to which outcomesjust that these two behaviors are both pretty good predictors of the set of outcomes.)7. Contingency theories of leadershipa. According to the Life Cycle Theory of Leadershipi. When followers are unable, initiating structure is important ii. When followers are unwilling, consideration is important iii. pursual usually progress through 4 stages1. Unable but Willing2. Unable and Unwilling3. Able but Unwilling4. Able and Willingiv. So, in Stage 1 (Unable but Willing), initiating structure behaviors are required. In Stage 2, both initiating structure and consideration behaviors are required. In Stage 3, consideration behaviors are required. And in Stage 4, since the group is both willing and able, neither initiating structure nor consideration behaviors are necessarily requiredthe team will excel on its own. b. According to the Time-Driven Model of Leader Decision-Making Styles i. What are the different decision-making styles and how do they differ in terms of who is responsible for what?ii. I am not going to ask you to check the decision-tree. But you need to know that the effectiveness of the decision-making style is contingent upon the situation. In some situations, an autocratic style is most important, in others, a facilitative style, etc.iii. What might happen if leaders use inappropriate styles?You may end up making an incorrect decisionThe decision-making process may be inefficient (take more time or cost more money) The subordinates may not buy in to the decisionc. According to Leader-Member Exchange TheoryLeaders get by different subordinates differently and the effectiveness of a leader is contingent on the relationship between the leader and the particular member(s) i. Who gets invited into the in-group?Those who are competent, likeable, and more similar to the leader in terms of attitudes and values. ii. What are the advantages of being in the in-group?More trusted, receive a disproportionate amount of the leaders attention, receive special privileges iii. What are the disadvantages of being in the in-group? Rise and fall with the success of the leader.iv. How do people in the in-group differ from people in the out-group in terms of performance, turnover, and satisfaction? high performance, less turnover, greater job satisfactionRate the leader as more effective.d. According to Critical Theories of Leadershipi. If substitutes or neutralizers are present, is it best to shed a lot of money hiring, training, a nd developing leaders? If neutralizers are present, then spending time and money hiring, training, and developing leaders might not be worth it because they will have little impact on the success of their subordinates Have to consider whether it will be more effective to hire, train, and develop leaders or to focus on leader substitutes instead Good leaders often try to build substitutes so that the unit can run itself When evaluating leader performance, it is important to determine whether success (or failure) is due to the leader or to substitutes and neutralizers. e. What are the different leadership styles? If I explain a leader, you should be able to tell me whether the leader is using a laissez-faire, passive management-by-exception, active management-by-exception, contingent reward, transformational, etc. Laissez-faire Hands off style of leadership, Leader avoids getting involved management by exception (passive) Leader only gets involved when mistakes are madeManagement by e xception (active) Leader monitors group, looking for mistakes and gets involved only when mistakes are made. Contingent reward Leader makes rewards contingent on favorable performance.Transformational leadershipWhat helps leaders transform followers so that they are willing to work beyond expectations to benefit the collective good? Idealized influence provides a vision and a sense of mission, instills pride, gains respect and trust Inspirational motivation fosters enthusiasm for and commitment to a shared vision of the future Intellectual stimulation challenges followers to be innovative and creative Individualized consideration helps followers achieve their potential through coaching, development, and mentoring f. What are the factors that separate transformational leaders from other leaders? Followers of transformational leaders work harder and are more committed to the group and organization Transformational leadership is strongly related to leader emergence and leader effective ness Leaders can be trained in transformational leadership stylesDark side Followers can be convinced to act unethically or immorally.A good leader has desirable leadership traitsA good leader exhibits effective leadership behaviorsA good leader matches the leadership behavior to the situation A good leader guides individuals and motivates them to perform at a high levelA great leader transforms followers so that they are willing to work beyond expectations to benefit the collective good

A Philosophy on English Education

Education is a philosophy within itself without even responding to the unlike categories of a students learning day. English education is, in my opinion, kind of a shady casing. When one talks around their English class, what aspects are they talking about? Is this referring to the grammar sections, the vocabulary sections or the criticizing of novels? Through the use of grammar a psyche can increase the air another(prenominal)s perceive what they are authorship. In my opinion it is not the way something is written that is important, but the content of what is written.Vocabulary is another such device. It is said that a person can happen only what they can express. In other languages around the world, there are words that put more emphasis on the same word. For example the word bed, in the English language marrow one thing. Wether it is toward a mother or toward a spouse it has one meaning. Now is the love you feel for a mother the same as for the love you feel for a spouse? No, and in other languages there is a difference between these two emotions. If a person cannot express the way they feel how can they feel this way?I feel vocabulary is an asset that needs to be cultivated in order for a person to sprout into an educated person of society. The other aspect of English education tho is not as particular as the other two. The analysis of literature is in itself a whole philosophy as well. It is a way for a person to open their mind into different thoughts that would not have been open to them otherwise. The view of group leaning is for different ideas and interpretations to be redeemed. I believe this is a main part of English education.I believe the purpose of education is to mitigate a persons life history through knowledge and assist them later in life. Education is a vital part of anyones life. Without it a person could not puzzle a job and make it in the real life. I believe however that teachers must keep in mind that ones education is up to the idiosyncratic student. A teacher should support the student, as well as the student supporting the teacher. If a student feels that a specific assignment or subject is unneeded then it should be reviewed.If it is vital the teacher should simply explain why the assignment in necessary, and the student will then have the desire to do the task at hand. Education is a vital part of my life. I believe that I have the materials to go far in life but without the knowledge base that is given in a learning atmosphere such as school, this will not be possible. I would however like to be given the choice of what to learn instead of being constrained to do certain activities. Young people today do not like to read. Why is this?I believe is it because all their lives books and school have been shoved down their throat by teachers and professors who do not care about the students desires and opinions. My individualised feelings on the English language are stated above. I feel that ther e are not generous words in the language and therefor people of different cultures have language differences as well as differences in the way they think. I believe many English teachers are forced to presaent the curriculem in a repetitious tedious manner.I believe that there is too much emphasis put on writing and grammar and not enough on oral presentation and giving students the skills they will need later on in life. The ability to stand in front of someone and present ones feelings or opinions is a necessary ability for one to have. If a student can explain in detail orally what they have learned without writing it in a formal paper, that should be just as sufficient. As I said before, I believe its not the way a person states something that is important, but what is being stated.Regardless of this short bashing of mine, I do not want you to feel this is my perception of you. This is my past experiences with English teachers and the way they presented themselves and the mater ial to the class. In no way do I feel bias to your thoughts or ideas. I look forward to many interesting conversations and debates in your class. I actualize that my desires are not realistic and formal papers must be written in order for a teacher to be able to judge each student in an organized and timely manner.

Forward the Foundation Chapter 27

22Mr. Bindris, tell Hari Seldon, reaching out his hand to shake the separates. I am so glad to be fit to see you. It was good of you to agree to see me.Why not? said Terep Bindris jovially. I k straight you well. Or, rather, I know of you well.Thats pleasant. I take it youve perceive of psychohistory, consequently.Oh yes, what well-informed person hasnt? Not that I understand anything about it, of course. And who is this preteen lady you score with you?My granddaughter, Wanda.A very pretty young wo spell. He beamed. Somehow I feel Id be putty in her hands.Wanda said, I think you exaggerate, sir.No, authentically. Now, please, sit down and tell me what it is I can do for you. He gestured expansively with his arm, indicating that they be seated on two overstuffed, richly brocaded ch arguments in front of the desk at which he sat. The chairs, like the ornate desk, the imposing carved doors which had slid brook soundlessly at their arrival signal, and the gleaming obsidian floo r of Bindriss vast mutilateice, were of the finest quality. And, although his surroundings were impressive-and imposing-Bindris himself was not. The slight cordial man would not be taken, at first glance, for mavin of Trantors leaders financial power bustrs.Were here, sir, at the Emperors suggestion.The Emperor?Yes, he could not help us, but he thought a man like you might be fitting to do so. The question, of course, is credits.Bindriss face fell. Credits? he said. I dont understand.Well, said Seldon, for nearly forty years, psychohistory has been supported by the government. However, metres change and the pudding stone is no long-life what it was.Yes, I know that.The Emperor lacks the credits to support us or, hitherto if he did energise the credits, he couldnt get the request for funding ult the Legislature. He recommends, therefore, that I see business populate who, in the first place, keep mum put one across credits and, in the second place, can simply write out a c redit voucher.There was a longish pause and Bindris finally said, The Emperor, Im afraid, knows nothing about business. -How many credits do you want?Mr. Bindris, were talking about an grand task. Im red to need several million.Several millionYes, sir.Bindris frowned. Are we talking about a loan here? When do you expect to be fitted to pay it dressing?Well, Mr. Bindris, I cant h integritystly regularize I ever expect to be able to pay it back. Im looking for a gift.Even if I precious to give you the credits-and allow me tell you, for several(prenominal) strange reason I very much want to do so-I couldnt. The Emperor may have his Legislature, but I have my Board members. I cant exploit a gift of that sort without the Boards permission and theyll never grant it.Why not? Your degenerate is enormously wealthy. A few million would mean nothing to you.That sounds good, said Bindris, but Im afraid that the firm is in a state of decline repair-hand(a) now. Not sufficiently to bri ng us into serious trouble, but enough to make us unhappy. If the Empire is in a state of decay, different person parts of it are decaying, too. We are in no position to hand out a few million. Im truly sorry.Seldon sat there silently and Bindris seemed unhappy. He move his Head at withstand and said, Look, prof Seldon, I would really like to help you out, particularly for the sake of the young lady you have with you. It fair cant be done. However, were not the only firm in Trantor. Try others, Professor. You may have better luck elsewhere.Well, said Seldon, raising himself to his feet with an effort, we shall try.23Wandas eye were fill with tears, but the emotion they represented was not sorrow but fury. grandad, she said, I dont understand it. I simply dont understand it. Weve been to four different firms. Each one was ruder and nastier to us than the one out front. The fourth one just kicked us out. And since then, no one will let us in.Its no mystery, Wanda, said Seldon gen tly. When we saw Bindris, he didnt know what we were there for and he was perfectly friendly until I asked for a gift of a few million credits. Then he was a spectacular deal less friendly. I imagine the word went out as to what we wanted and each additional time there was less friendliness until now, when people wont receive us at all. Why should they? Theyre not going to give us the credits we need, so why waste time with us?Wandas pettishness turned on herself. And what did I do? I just sat there. Nothing.I wouldnt say that, said Seldon. Bindris was affected by you. It seems to me that he really wanted to give me the credits, largely because of you. You were pushing him and accomplishing something.Not nearly enough. Besides, all he cared about was that I was pretty.Not pretty, muttered Seldon. Beautiful. Very beautiful.So what do we do now, Grandpa? asked Wanda. After all these years, psychohistory will collapse.I suppose that, said Seldon in a way, its something that cant be h elped. Ive been predicting the breakdown of the Empire for nearly forty years and now that its come, psychohistory breaks down with it.But psychohistory will save the Empire, at least partly.I know it will, but I cant force it to.Are you just going to let it collapse?Seldon shook his head. Ill try to keep it from doing so, but I must admit that I dont know how Im going to do it.Wanda said, Im going to practice. There must be some way I can strengthen my push, make it easier for me to force people to do what I want them to do.I wish you could manage.What are you going to do, Grandpa?Well, nothing much. Two days ago, when I was on my way to see the Chief Librarian, I encountered trinity men in the depository library who were arguing about psychohistory. For some reason, one of them impressed me very much. I urged him to come see me and he agreed. The appointment is for this afternoon at my office.Are you going to have him work for you?I would like to-if I have enough credits to pay him with. But it cant hurt to talk with him. After all, what can I lose?24The young man arrived at precisely 4 T.S.T. (Trantorian Standard Time) and Seldon smiled. He loved punctual people. He placed his hands on his desk and make ready to heave to his feet, but the young man said, Please, Professor, I know you have a bad leg. You neednt stand up.Seldon said, Thank you, young man. However, that does not mean that you cannot sit down. Please do.The young man removed his jacket and sat down.Seldon said, You must forgive me when we met and score up this appointment, I neglected to match your name-which is?Stettin Palver, said the young man.Ah. Palver Palver The name sounds familiar.It should, Professor. My grandfather boasted frequently of having known you.Your grandfather. Of course. Joramis Palver. He was two years younger than I was, as I recall. I act to get him to join me in psychohistory, but he go downd. He said there was no chance of his ever learning enough mathematics to make it possible. Too bad How is Joramis, by the way?Palver said solemnly, Im afraid that Joramis has gone the way of experient men generally. Hes dead.Seldon winced. Two years younger than he himself was-and dead. An oldish friend and they had lost touch to such a degree that, when death came, it did so unknowingly.Seldon sat there for a while and finally muttered, Im sorry.The young man shrugged. He had a good life.And you, young man, where did you have your schooling?Langano University.Seldon frowned. Langano? Stop me if Im wrong, but thats not on Trantor, is it?No. I wanted to try a different world. The Universities on Trantor, as you undoubtedly know very well, are all overcrowded. I wanted to find a place where I could acquire in peace.And what did you study?Nothing much. History. Not the sort of thing that would lead one to a good job.(Another wince, even worse than the first. Dors Venabili had been a historian.)Seldon said, But youre back here on Trantor. Why is that?Cred its. Jobs.As an historian?Palver laughed. Not a chance. I run a device that pulls and hauls. Not exactly a pro occupation.Seldon looked at Palver with a twinge of envy. The contours of Palvers arms and chest were highlighted by the thin fabric of his shirt. He was well muscled. Seldon had never himself been quite that muscular. Seldon said, I presume that when you were at the University, you were on the boxing team.Who, me? Never. Im a Twister.A Twister Seldons spirits jumped. Are you from Helicon?Palver said with a certain contempt, You dont have to come from Helicon to be a good Twister.No, thought Seldon, but thats where the best ones come from.However, he said nothing.He did say, though, Well, your grandfather would not join me. How about you?Psychohistory?I heard you talking to the others when I first encountered you and it seemed to me that you were talking quite intelligently about psychohistory. Would you like to join me, then?As I said, Professor, I have a job.Pushing and hauling. Come, come.It pays well.Credits arent everything.Theyre quite a bit. Now you, on the other hand, cant pay me much. Im quite certain that youre short of credits.Why do you say that?Im guessing, in a way, I suppose. But am I wrong?Seldons lips pressed together hard, then he said, No, youre not wrong and I cant pay you much. Im sorry. I suppose that ends our little interview.Wait, wait, wait. Palver held up his hands. Not quite so fast, please. Were still talking about psychohistory. If I work for you, I will be taught psychohistory, right?Of course.In that role, credits arent everything, after all. Ill make you a deal. You teach me all the psychohistory you can and you pay me whatever you can and Ill get by somehow. How about it?Wonderful, said Seldon joyously. That sounds great. Now, one to a greater extent thing.Oh?Yes. Ive been attacked twice in recent weeks. The first time my son came to my defense, but he has since gone to Santanni. The second time I made use of my lead -filled walking stick. It worked, but I was dragged in the lead a magistrate and accused of assault and battery-Why the attacks? interjected Palver.I am not popular. I have been lecture the Fall of the Empire for so long that, now that it is coming, I am blamed for it.I see. Now then, what does all that have to do with the one more thing you mentioned?I want you to be my bodyguard. Youre young, youre strong, and, roughly of all, youre a Twister. Youre exactly what I need.I suppose it can be managed, Palver said with a smile.25See there, Stettin, Seldon said as the two were taking an early evening stroll in one of Trantors residential sectors near Streeling. The older man pointed to debris-assorted refuse jettisoned from passing cornerstonecars or dropped by careless pedestrians-strewn along the base on balls. In the old days, Seldon continued, you would never see litter like this. The security officers were vigilant and municipal upkeep crews provided round-the-clock upkeep of all public areas. But, most important, no one would even think of dumping his trash in such a manner. Trantor was our topographic point we took pride in it. Now-Seldon shook his head sadly, resignedly, and sighed-its- He broke off abruptly.You there, young man Seldon shouted at a ill-kempt fellow who had moments before passed them, going in the opposite direction. He was munching a treat just popped into his mouth the wrapper had been tossed to the ground without so much as a downward(prenominal) glance. Pick that up and dispose of it properly, Seldon admonished as the young man eyed him sullenly.Pick it up yourself, the boy snarled and then he turned and walked away.Its another(prenominal) sign of societys breakdown, as predicted by your psychohistory, Professor Seldon, Palver said.Yes, Stettin. All around us the Empire is falling apart, piece by piece. In fact, its already smashed-theres no turn back now. Apathy, decay, and greed have all played their parts in destroying the on ce-glorious Empire. And what will take its place? Why-Here Seldon broke off at the fortune of Palvers face. The younger man seemed to be listening intently-but not to Seldons voice. His head was cocked to one side and his face had a far-off look. It was as if Palver were straining to hear some sound inaudible to everyone but himself.Suddenly he snapped back to the here and now. With an urgent glance around them, Palver took hold of Seldons arm. Hari, quick, we must get away. Theyre coming And then the still evening was broken by the harsh sound of rapidly approaching footsteps. Seldon and Palver spun around, but it was too late a band of attackers was upon them. This time, however, Hari Seldon was vigilant. He without delay swung his cane in a wide arc around Palver and himself. At this, the three attackers-two boys and a girl, all teenage ruffians-laughed.So, youre not goin to make it easy, are you, old man? snorted the boy who appeared to be the groups ringleader. Why, me and my buddies, well take you out in two seconds flat. Well- All of a sudden, the ringleader was down, the victim of a perfectly placed Twist-kick to his abdomen. The two ruffians who were still standing quickly dropped to a crouch in preparation for attack. But Palver was quicker. They, too, were felled almost before they k smart what hit them.And then it was over-almost as soon as it started. Seldon stood off to the side, leaning heavily on his cane, shaking at the thought of his narrow escape. Palver, panting slightly from exertion, surveyed the scene. The three attackers were out cold on the deserted walkway under the darkening dome.Come on, lets get out of here quickly Palver urged again, only this time it was not the attackers they would be fleeing.Stettin, we cant leave, protested Seldon. He gestured toward the unconscious would-be muggers. Theyre really nothing more than children. They may be dying. How can we just walk away? Its inhumane-thats what it is-and humanity is exactly what Ive been working all these years to protect. Seldon struck the ground with his cane for emphasis and his eyes gleamed with conviction.Nonsense, retorted Palver. Whats inhumane is the way muggers like that prey on innocent citizens like you. Do you think theyd have given you a second thought? Theyd just as soon stick a knife in your gut to steal your last credit-and then kick you as they ran Theyll come to soon enough and slink away to lick their wounds. Or someone will find them and call the central office.But, Hari, you must think. After what happened last time, you stand to lose everything if youre linked to another beating. Please, Hari, we must run With this, Palver grabbed Seldons arm and Seldon after a List backward glance, allowed himself to be led away.As the footsteps of the rapidly departing Seldon and Palver diminished in the distance, another figure emerged from his hiding place behind some trees. Chuckling to himself, the sullen-eyed youth muttered,Youre a fine on e to tell me whats right and whats wrong, Professor. With that, he spun on his heel and headed off to summon the security officers.26Order I will have order bellowed Judge Tejan Popjens Lih. The public hearing of Professor Raven Seldon and his young associate, Stettin Palver, had generated a hue and cry among the populace of Trantor. Here was the man who had predicted the Fall of the Empire, the decay of civilization, who exhorted others to harken back to the golden age of niceness and order-here was he who, according to an eyewitness, had ordered the brutal beating of three young Trantorians for no apparent provocation. Ah yes, it promised to be a spectacular hearing, one which would lead, no doubt, to an even more spectacular trial.The value pressed a contact set into a recessed panel on her bench and a sonorous toll resounded through the jam-packed courtroom. I will have order, she repeated to the now-hushed throng. If need be, the courtroom will be cleared. That is a warning. It will not be repeated.The judge cut an imposing figure in her scarlet robe. Originally from the Outer World of Lystena, Lihs complexion had a slight bluish cast, which turned darker when she became exercised, practically purpleness when she was really angry. It was rumored that, for all her years on the bench, in spite of her reputation as a top judicial mind, notwithstanding her position as one of the most revered interpreters of Imperial law, Lih was ever so slightly vain about the colorful appearance she gave, the way in which the bright red robes set off her soft turquoise skin.Nevertheless, Lih had a reputation for coming down hard on those who brooked Imperial law she was one of the few judges left(a) who upheld the civil code without wavering.I have heard of you, Professor Seldon, and your theories about our imminent destruction. And I have spoken with the magistrate who recently heard another case in which you were involved, one in which you struck a man with your lead-f illed cane. In that instance, too, you claimed to be the victim of assault. Your reasoning stemmed, I believe, from a previous unreported adventure in which you and your son allegedly were assaulted by eight hoodlums. You were able to convince my esteemed colleague, Professor Seldon of your plea of self-defense, even though an eyewitness testified otherwise. This time, Professor, you will have to be much more convincing.The three hoodlums who were bringing charges against Seldon and Palver snickered in their seats at the plaintiffs table. They presented a much different appearance today than they had the evening of the attack. The young men were sporting clean loose-fitting unisuits the young lady was wearing a crisply pleated tunic. All in all, if one didnt look (or listen) too closely, the three presented a reassuring picture of Trantorian youth.Seldons lawyer, Civ Novker (who was representing Palver as well), approached the bench. Your Honor, my client is an upstanding member of the Trantorian community. He is a former First Minister of stellar repute. He is a personal acquaintance of our Emperor Agis XIV. What possible benefit could Professor Seldon derive from attacking innocent young people? He is one of the most straight-from-the-shoulder proponents of stimulating the intellectual creativity of Trantorian youth-his Psychohistory Project employs numerous student volunteers he is a beloved member of the Streeling University faculty.Further- Here Novker paused, sweeping his attentiveness around the packed courtroom, as if to say, Wait till you hear this-youll be ashamed that you ever for a second doubted the veracity of my clients claims, Professor Seldon is one of the very few clannish individuals officially allied with the prestigious Galactic Library. He has been granted unlimited use of Library facilities for work on what he calls the Encyclopedia Galactica, a legitimate paean to Imperial civilization.I ask you, how can this man even be questioned in such a matter?With a flourish of his arm, Novker gestured toward Seldon who was posing at the defendants table with Stettin Palver, looking decidedly uncomfortable. Haris cheeks were flushed from the unaccustomed praise (after all, lately his name was the subject of derisive snickers rather than flowery plaudits) and his hand shook slightly on the carved Dandle of his trusty cane.Judge Lih gazed down at Seldon clearly unimpressed. What benefit, indeed, Counselor. I have been intercommunicate myself that very question. Ive lain make these past wickednesss, racking my brains for a plausible reason. Why should a man of Professor Seldons stature commit unprovoked assault and battery when he himself is one of our most outspoken critics of the so-called breakdown of civil order?And then it dawned on me. Perhaps, in his frustration at not being believed, Professor Seldon feels he must see to the worlds that his predictions of doom and gloom really are coming to pass. After all, here is a man who has spent his entire career foretelling the Fall of the Empire and all he can really point to are a few burned-out bulbs in the dome, an occasional glitch in public transport, a budget cut here or there-nothing very dramatic. But an attack-or two or three-now, that would be something.Lih sat back and folded her hands in front of her, a satisfied expression on her face. Seldon stood, leaning heavily on the table for support. With great effort, he approached the bench, waving off his lawyer, walking headlong into the steely gaze of the judge.Your Honor, please permit me to say a few words in my defense.Of course, Professor Seldon. After all, this is not a trial, only a hearing to air all allegations, facts, and theories pertinent to the** case before deciding whether or not to go ahead with a trial. I have merely expressed a theory I am most interested to hear what you have to say.Seldon cleared his throat before beginning. I have devoted my life to the Empire. I have fai thfully served the Emperors. My science of psychohistory, rather than being a harbinger of destruction, is intended to be used as an agent for rejuvenation. With it we can be prepared for whatever course civilization takes. If, as I believe, the Empire continues to break down, psychohistory will help us put into place building blocks for a new and better civilization founded on all that is good from the old. I love our worlds, our peoples, our Empire-what would it behoove me to contribute to the lawlessness that saps its strength daily?I can say no more. You must believe me. I, a man of intellect, of equations, of science-I am speaking from my heart. Seldon turned and made his way slowly back to his chair beside Palver. Before sitting, his eyes sought Wanda, sitting in the spectators gallery. She smiled wanly and winked at him.From the heart or not, Professor Seldon, this decision will require much thought on my part. We have heard from your accusers we have heard from you and Mr. P alver. There is one more party whose testimony I need. Id like to hear from Rial Nevas, who has come forward as an eyewitness to this incident.As Nevas approached the bench, Seldon and Palver looked at each other in alarm. It was the boy whom Hari had admonished just before the attack.Lih was asking the youth a question. Would you describe, Mr. Nevas, exactly what you witnessed on the night in question?Well, started Nevas, fixing Seldon with his sullen stare, I was walkin along, mindin my own business, when I saw those two,-he turned and pointed at Seldon and Palver-on the other side of the walkway, comin toward me. And then I saw those three kids. (Another point of the finger, this time toward the three sitting at the plaintiffs table.) The two older guys were walkin behind the kids. They didnt see me, though, on account of I was on the other side of the walkway and besides, they were concentratin on their victims. Then wham Just like that, that old guy swings at em with his stick, then the younger guy jumps em and kicks em and before you know it, theyre all down on the ground. Then the old guy and his pal, they just took off, just like that. I couldnt believe it.Thats a lie Seldon exploded. schoolboyish man, youre playing with our lives here Nevas only stared back at Seldon impassively.Judge, Seldon implored, cant you see that he is lying? I remember this fellow. I scolded him for littering just minutes before we were attacked. I pointed it out to Stettin as another instance of the breakdown of our society, the apathy of the citizenry, the-Enough, Professor Seldon, commanded the judge. Another outburst like that and I will have you ejected from this courtroom. Now, Mr. Nevas, she said, turning back to the witness. What did you do throughout the sequence of events you just described?I, uh, I hid. Behind some trees. I hid. I was afraid theyd come after me if they saw me, so I hid. And when they were gone, well, I ran and called the security officers.Nevas had started to sweat and he inserted a finger into the constricting collar of his unisuit. He fidgeted, shifting his weight from one foot to the other as he stood on the raised speakers platform. He was uncomfortably aware of the crowds eyes upon him he tried to avoid looking into the audience, but each time he did, he found himself drawn to the **toady gaze of a pretty blond girl sitting in the first row. It was as if she was asking him a question, pressing him for an answer, willing him to **peak.Mr. Nevas, what do you have to say about Professor Seldons allegation that he and Mr. Palver did see you prior to the attack, that the professor actually exchange words with you?Well, uh, no, you see, it was just like I said I was walkin along and- And now Nevas looked over at Seldons table. Seldon looked at the young man sadly, as if he realized all was lost. But Seldons companion, Stettin Palver, turned a fierce gaze on Nevas and Nevas jumped, startled, at the words he heard Tell the truth It was as if Palver had spoken, but Palvers lips hadnt moved. And then, confused, Nevas snapped his head in the direction of the blond girl he thought he heard her speak-Tell the truth-but her lips were still as well.Mr. Nevas, Mr. Nevas, the judges voice broke in on the youths jumbled thoughts. Mr. Nevas, if Professor Seldon and Mr. Palver were walking toward you, behind the three plaintiffs, how is it that you noticed Seldon and Palver first? That is how you put it in your statement, is it not?Nevas glanced around the courtroom wildly. He couldnt seem to escape the eyes, all the eyes screaming at him to Tell the truth Looking over at Hari Seldon, Rial Nevas said simply, Im sorry and, to the confusion of the entire courtroom assemblage, the fourteen-year-old boy started to cry.

A Discussion About Animals

There are lots of zoos all over the world. A zoo dope be described as the collection of various animal species found in nature. People depose have it off about animals by dateing zoos. Whether animals should be kept in zoos or not,different people acquit different ideas. Some people are in favor of retention animals in zoos. However,others argue that memory animals in zoos ignores animal rights. This essay will discuss the pros and cons of keeping animals in zoos. The main advantage of keeping animals in zoos is that they get saved from dangers of predators. By keeping animals in zoos ensures their safety.At the same time,animals would be kept aside from disease if they were in zoos. Moreover,animals in zoos are provided with proper diet. In jungle career,sometimes some(prenominal) animals have difficulty finding foods. In zoos,zoo keepers supply animals with food at a certain time. The animals would have an increased life span because there are no predators and they will never starve for food. In addition,there are many interesting facilities in the zoo. Animals can use them for fun. Furtherto a greater extent,keeping animals in zoos is convenient for entertainment of human beings.Zoos provide a way for people to take a closer look at animals and see how they behave. People visit zoos not only for entertainment but also for educational purposes. Many schools visit zoos to know more about jeopardize species and the way to conserve them. However,there are also some disadvantages of keeping animals in the zoo. Firstly,it cant be denied that some zoos misuse and violate the animal rights. The workers in some zoos treat animals in a condemnable manner. Secondly,animals are kept in zoos for a long time ,they may lose their instinct efficiency to survive in the natural environment.Animals are equal to human beings. Nobody can suffer from depriving of liberty. In conclusion,we have no right to keep animals in zoos. In my opinion,it is wrong to keep anima ls in zoos. We should honour animal rights. Animals can survive in the natural environment by themselves. If human beings want to know more about animals,they can read books and search information on the Internet or look at TV instead of visiting zoos. Keeping animals in zoos is not the only way to conserve endangered species. We humans can do much more things to protect animals.